Title |
CD4+ Regulatory and Effector/Memory T Cell Subsets Profile Motor Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease
|
---|---|
Published in |
Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, October 2012
|
DOI | 10.1007/s11481-012-9402-z |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Jessica A. Hutter Saunders, Katherine A. Estes, Lisa M. Kosloski, Heather E. Allen, Kathryn M. Dempsey, Diego R. Torres-Russotto, Jane L. Meza, Pamela M. Santamaria, John M. Bertoni, Daniel L. Murman, Hesham H. Ali, David G. Standaert, R. Lee Mosley, Howard E. Gendelman |
Abstract |
Animal models and clinical studies have linked the innate and adaptive immune system to the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Despite such progress, the specific immune responses that influence disease progression have eluded investigators. Herein, we assessed relationships between T cell phenotype and function with PD progression. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from two separate cohorts, a discovery cohort and a validation cohort, totaling 113 PD patients and 96 age- and environment-matched caregivers were examined by flow cytometric analysis and T cell proliferation assays. Increased effector/memory T cells (Tem), defined as CD45RO+ and FAS+ CD4+ T cells and decreased CD31+ and α4β7+ CD4+ T cells were associated with progressive Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III scores. However, no associations were seen between immune biomarkers and increased age or disease duration. Impaired abilities of regulatory T cells (Treg) from PD patients to suppress effector T cell function was observed. These data support the concept that chronic immune stimulation, notably Tem activation and Treg dysfunction is linked to PD pathobiology and disease severity, but not disease duration. The association of T cell phenotypes with motor symptoms provides fresh avenues for novel biomarkers and therapeutic designs. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Canada | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 2 | 1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 167 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 31 | 18% |
Student > Master | 26 | 15% |
Researcher | 19 | 11% |
Student > Bachelor | 17 | 10% |
Other | 9 | 5% |
Other | 26 | 15% |
Unknown | 42 | 25% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 27 | 16% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 25 | 15% |
Neuroscience | 24 | 14% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 17 | 10% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 12 | 7% |
Other | 15 | 9% |
Unknown | 50 | 29% |