| Title |
The effects of classic altitude training on hemoglobin mass in swimmers
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
European Journal of Applied Physiology, November 2012
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00421-012-2536-0 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
N. B. Wachsmuth, C. Völzke, N. Prommer, A. Schmidt-Trucksäss, F. Frese, O. Spahl, A. Eastwood, J. Stray-Gundersen, W. Schmidt |
| Abstract |
Aim of the study was to determine the influence of classic altitude training on hemoglobin mass (Hb-mass) in elite swimmers under the following aspects: (1) normal oscillation of Hb-mass at sea level; (2) time course of adaptation and de-adaptation; (3) sex influences; (4) influences of illness and injury; (5) interaction of Hb-mass and competition performance. Hb-mass of 45 top swimmers (male 24; female 21) was repeatedly measured (~6 times) over the course of 2 years using the optimized CO-rebreathing method. Twenty-five athletes trained between one and three times for 3-4 weeks at altitude training camps (ATCs) at 2,320 m (3 ATCs) and 1,360 m (1 ATC). Performance was determined by analyzing 726 competitions according to the German point system. The variation of Hb-mass without hypoxic influence was 3.0 % (m) and 2.7 % (f). At altitude, Hb-mass increased by 7.2 ± 3.3 % (p < 0.001; 2,320 m) and by 3.8 ± 3.4 % (p < 0.05; 1,360 m). The response at 2,320 m was not sex-related, and no increase was found in ill and injured athletes (n = 8). Hb-mass was found increased on day 13 and was still elevated 24 days after return (4.0 ± 2.7 %, p < 0.05). Hb-mass had only a small positive effect on swimming performance; an increase in performance was only observed 25-35 days after return from altitude. In conclusion, the altitude (2,320 m) effect on Hb-mass is still present 3 weeks after return, it decisively depends on the health status, but is not influenced by sex. In healthy subjects it exceeds by far the oscillation occurring at sea level. After return from altitude performance increases after a delay of 3 weeks. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 34 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 5 | 15% |
| Canada | 3 | 9% |
| Spain | 3 | 9% |
| United States | 3 | 9% |
| Germany | 2 | 6% |
| Australia | 2 | 6% |
| Italy | 1 | 3% |
| Switzerland | 1 | 3% |
| Curaçao | 1 | 3% |
| Other | 2 | 6% |
| Unknown | 11 | 32% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 21 | 62% |
| Scientists | 9 | 26% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 4 | 12% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 163 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
| United States | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 161 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 31 | 19% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 24 | 15% |
| Student > Master | 20 | 12% |
| Researcher | 18 | 11% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 12 | 7% |
| Other | 31 | 19% |
| Unknown | 27 | 17% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Sports and Recreations | 85 | 52% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 23 | 14% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 8 | 5% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 7 | 4% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 4 | 2% |
| Other | 8 | 5% |
| Unknown | 28 | 17% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 24. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 13 January 2019.
All research outputs
#1,584,262
of 25,525,181 outputs
Outputs from European Journal of Applied Physiology
#511
of 4,369 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#10,063
of 197,014 outputs
Outputs of similar age from European Journal of Applied Physiology
#10
of 42 outputs
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So far Altmetric has tracked 4,369 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 14.7. This one has done well, scoring higher than 88% of its peers.
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