| Title |
Immunosenescence: limitations of natural killer cell-based cancer immunotherapy
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, August 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00262-016-1882-x |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Raquel Tarazona, Beatriz Sanchez-Correa, Ignacio Casas-Avilés, Carmen Campos, Alejandra Pera, Sara Morgado, Nelson López-Sejas, Fakhri Hassouneh, Juan M. Bergua, Maria Jose Arcos, Helena Bañas, Javier G. Casado, Esther Durán, Fernando Labella, Rafael Solana |
| Abstract |
Cancer is primarily considered a disease of old age. Immunosenescence refers to the age-associated changes in the immune system, and its contribution to the increased risk of cancer in old individuals has been discussed for many years. Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate immune cells specialized in defence against tumour and virus-infected cells. NK cell cytotoxicity is the result of a fine balance between activating and inhibitory receptors. Several activating receptors have been identified that recognize different ligands frequently found over-expressed on tumour cells or virus-infected cells. The most important NK cell inhibitory receptors interact with major histocompatibility complex class I molecules expressed on almost all nucleated cells preventing NK cell-mediated lysis of healthy cells. NK cell immunosenescence is characterized by a redistribution of NK cell subsets, a diminished expression of several activating receptors and lower per-cell cytotoxicity. Altered expression of activating receptors has also been described in young and elderly cancer patients probably due to chronic exposure to ligands on tumour cells. Thus, the effect of both age and cancer may act synergistically to diminish NK cell-mediated tumour immunosurveillance. Different strategies harnessing the power of NK cells to target tumour cells have been designed including adoptive therapy with autologous or allogeneic expanded NK cells. In addition, checkpoint blockade of inhibitory receptors and the use of agonist antibodies to stimulate activating receptors are emerging areas of research. In this context, the effect of immunosenescence should be considered to improve the efficiency of cancer immunotherapy. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 3 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 3 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 3 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 78 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 1% |
| Germany | 1 | 1% |
| Unknown | 76 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 12 | 15% |
| Researcher | 10 | 13% |
| Student > Master | 10 | 13% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 10 | 13% |
| Student > Bachelor | 8 | 10% |
| Other | 15 | 19% |
| Unknown | 13 | 17% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 15 | 19% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 13 | 17% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 10 | 13% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 8 | 10% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 5 | 6% |
| Other | 11 | 14% |
| Unknown | 16 | 21% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 06 February 2017.
All research outputs
#15,866,607
of 23,577,654 outputs
Outputs from Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
#2,212
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Outputs of similar age
#202,585
of 315,267 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
#24
of 37 outputs
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