Title |
Mortality in hepatitis C patients who achieve a sustained viral response compared to the general population
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Published in |
Journal of Hepatology, August 2016
|
DOI | 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.08.004 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Hamish Innes, Scott McDonald, Peter Hayes, John F. Dillon, Sam Allen, David Goldberg, Peter R. Mills, Stephen T. Barclay, David Wilks, Heather Valerio, Ray Fox, Diptendu Bhattacharyya, Nicholas Kennedy, Judith Morris, Andrew Fraser, Adrian Stanley, Peter Bramley, Sharon J. Hutchinson |
Abstract |
The number of people living with previous hepatitis-C infection that have attained a sustained viral response (SVR) is expected to grow rapidly. So far, the prognosis of this group relative to the general population is unclear. Individuals attaining SVR in Scotland in 1996-2011 were identified using a national database. Through record-linkage, we obtained cause-specific mortality data complete to Dec 2013. We calculated standardised-mortality-ratios (SMRs) to compare the frequency of mortality in SVR patients to the general population. In a parallel analysis, we used Cox regression to identify modifiable patient characteristics associated with post-SVR mortality. We identified 1824 patients, followed on average for 5.2 years after SVR. In total, 78 deaths were observed. Overall, all-cause mortality was 1.9 times more frequent for SVR patients than the general population (SMR: 1.86; 95% CI:1.49-2.32). Significant cause-specific elevations were seen for death due to primary liver cancer (SMR: 23.50; 95% CI:12.23-45.16), and death due to drug-related causes (SMR: 6.58, 95%CI:4.15-10.45). Together these two causes accounted for 66% of the total excess death observed. All of the modifiable characteristics associated with increased mortality were markers either of heavy alcohol use or injecting drug use. Individuals without these behavioural markers (32.8% of cohort) experienced equivalent survival to the general population (SMR: 0.70; 95% CI:0.41-1.18) CONCLUSIONS: Mortality in Scottish SVR patients is higher overall than the general population. The excess was driven by death from drug-related causes and liver cancer. Health risk behaviours emerged as important modifiable determinants of mortality in this population. Patients cured of hepatitis C through treatment had a higher mortality rate overall than the general population. Most of the surplus mortality was due to drug-related causes and death from liver cancer. A history of heavy alcohol use and injecting drug use were associated with a higher mortality risk. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Spain | 4 | 13% |
United States | 4 | 13% |
United Kingdom | 3 | 9% |
Switzerland | 2 | 6% |
Saudi Arabia | 2 | 6% |
Malaysia | 1 | 3% |
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 1 | 3% |
Chile | 1 | 3% |
Uganda | 1 | 3% |
Other | 6 | 19% |
Unknown | 7 | 22% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 22 | 69% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 8 | 25% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 3% |
Scientists | 1 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Canada | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 68 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 13 | 19% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 8 | 12% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 7 | 10% |
Other | 6 | 9% |
Student > Master | 6 | 9% |
Other | 14 | 20% |
Unknown | 15 | 22% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 33 | 48% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 3 | 4% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 3 | 4% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 3 | 4% |
Earth and Planetary Sciences | 3 | 4% |
Other | 3 | 4% |
Unknown | 21 | 30% |