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X Demographics
Mendeley readers
| Title |
Early-life Exposure to Widespread Environmental Toxicants and Health Risk: A Focus on the Immune and Respiratory Systems
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Annals of Global Health, June 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1016/j.aogh.2016.01.023 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Junjun Cao, Xijin Xu, Machteld N. Hylkema, Eddy Y. Zeng, Peter D. Sly, William A. Suk, Åke Bergman, Xia Huo |
| Abstract |
Evidence has accumulated that exposure to widespread environmental toxicants, such as heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, and tobacco smoke adversely affect fetal development and organ maturation, even after birth. The developing immune and respiratory systems are more sensitive to environmental toxicants due to their long-term physical development, starting from the early embryonic stage and persisting into early postnatal life, which requires complex signaling pathways that control proliferation and differentiation of highly heterogeneous cell types. In this review, we summarize the effect of early-life exposure to several widespread environmental toxicants on immune and lung development before and after birth, including the effects on immune cell counts, baseline characteristics of cell-mediated and humoral immunity, and alteration of lung structure and function in offspring. We also review evidence supporting the association between early-life exposure to environmental toxicants and risk for immune-related diseases and lung dysfunction in offspring in later life. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profile of 1 X user who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 78 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Germany | 1 | 1% |
| Unknown | 77 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 10 | 13% |
| Other | 9 | 12% |
| Student > Bachelor | 8 | 10% |
| Researcher | 8 | 10% |
| Student > Master | 7 | 9% |
| Other | 12 | 15% |
| Unknown | 24 | 31% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 13 | 17% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 9 | 12% |
| Environmental Science | 7 | 9% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 8% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 5 | 6% |
| Other | 9 | 12% |
| Unknown | 29 | 37% |