The ubiquitously expressed IQ motif-containing GTPase activating protein-1 (IQGAP1) is a scaffolding protein implicated in an array of cellular functions, in particular by binding to cytoskeletal elements and signaling proteins. A role for IQGAP1 in adipocytes has not been reported. We therefore investigated the cellular IQGAP1 interactome in primary human adipocytes. Immunoprecipitation and quantitative mass spectrometry identified caveolae and caveolae-associated proteins as the major IQGAP1 interactors alongside cytoskeletal proteins. We confirmed colocalization of IQGAP1 with the defining caveolar marker protein caveolin-1 by confocal microscopy and proximity ligation assay. Most interestingly, insulin enhanced the number of IQGAP1 interactions with caveolin-1 by 5-fold. Moreover, we found significantly reduced abundance of IQGAP1 in adipocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes compared with cells from non-diabetic control subjects. Both the abundance of IQGAP1 protein and mRNA were reduced, indicating a transcriptional defect in diabetes. Our findings suggest a novel role for IQGAP1 in insulin-regulated interaction between caveolae and cytoskeletal elements of the adipocyte, and that this is quelled in the diabetic state.