Title |
Amphetamine-induced psychosis - a separate diagnostic entity or primary psychosis triggered in the vulnerable?
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Published in |
BMC Psychiatry, December 2012
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DOI | 10.1186/1471-244x-12-221 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Jørgen G Bramness, Øystein Hoel Gundersen, Joar Guterstam, Eline Borger Rognli, Maija Konstenius, Else-Marie Løberg, Sigrid Medhus, Lars Tanum, Johan Franck |
Abstract |
Use of amphetamine and methamphetamine is widespread in the general population and common among patients with psychiatric disorders. Amphetamines may induce symptoms of psychosis very similar to those of acute schizophrenia spectrum psychosis. This has been an argument for using amphetamine-induced psychosis as a model for primary psychotic disorders. To distinguish the two types of psychosis on the basis of acute symptoms is difficult. However, acute psychosis induced by amphetamines seems to have a faster recovery and appears to resolve more completely compared to schizophrenic psychosis. The increased vulnerability for acute amphetamine induced psychosis seen among those with schizophrenia, schizotypal personality and, to a certain degree other psychiatric disorders, is also shared by non-psychiatric individuals who previously have experienced amphetamine-induced psychosis. Schizophrenia spectrum disorder and amphetamine-induced psychosis are further linked together by the finding of several susceptibility genes common to both conditions. These genes probably lower the threshold for becoming psychotic and increase the risk for a poorer clinical course of the disease.The complex relationship between amphetamine use and psychosis has received much attention but is still not adequately explored. Our paper reviews the literature in this field and proposes a stress-vulnerability model for understanding the relationship between amphetamine use and psychosis. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 8 | 28% |
Australia | 1 | 3% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 3% |
New Zealand | 1 | 3% |
Norway | 1 | 3% |
Sweden | 1 | 3% |
Papua New Guinea | 1 | 3% |
Egypt | 1 | 3% |
Unknown | 14 | 48% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 27 | 93% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 3% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Switzerland | 1 | <1% |
Israel | 1 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 363 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 71 | 19% |
Student > Master | 66 | 18% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 33 | 9% |
Researcher | 32 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 30 | 8% |
Other | 54 | 15% |
Unknown | 82 | 22% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 122 | 33% |
Psychology | 50 | 14% |
Neuroscience | 33 | 9% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 18 | 5% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 14 | 4% |
Other | 34 | 9% |
Unknown | 97 | 26% |