| Title |
Kinematic, kinetic and electromyographic adaptation to speed and resistance in double poling cross country skiing
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
European Journal of Applied Physiology, December 2012
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00421-012-2568-5 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Johnny Nilsson, Fredrik Tinmark, Kjartan Halvorsen, Anton Arndt |
| Abstract |
This study incorporated variations in speed and the horizontal resistance acting upon elite female skiers during double poling (DP) on a treadmill and specifically analyzed biomechanical adaptations to these variations. Whole body kinematics and pole force data were recorded and used to calculate the moment of force acting on the shoulder and elbow joints. Data were obtained with a 3D optoelectronic system using reflective markers at given anatomical landmarks. Forces along the long axis of the right pole were measured with a piezoelectric force transducer. Surface electrodes were used to record EMG activity in the rectus femoris, rectus abdominis, latissimus dorsi and triceps brachii muscles. In a first set of recordings, the participants double poled with zero elevation at five different speeds from 8 to 17 km h(-1). In a second set of recordings, horizontal resistance was added by weights (0.4-1.9 kg) attached to a pulley system pulling the skier posteriorly during DP at 14 km h(-1). Results showed increasing relative duration of the thrust phase with increasing resistance, but not with speed. Significant kinematic differences occurred with increase in both speed and resistance. The mean (±SD) horizontal force components ranged between 1.7 (±1.3) and 2.8 (±1.1) percent (%) bodyweight (BW) in the speed adaptation and 3.1 (±0.6) and 4.0 (±1.3) % BW in the adaptation to horizontal resistance. Peak muscle activity showed a central to peripheral (proximo-distal) activation sequence. The temporal cycle phase pattern in the adaptation to speed and horizontal resistance differed. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profile of 1 X user who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 41 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 1 | 2% |
| Germany | 1 | 2% |
| Belgium | 1 | 2% |
| Unknown | 38 | 93% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 6 | 15% |
| Researcher | 5 | 12% |
| Student > Bachelor | 4 | 10% |
| Student > Master | 4 | 10% |
| Other | 2 | 5% |
| Other | 6 | 15% |
| Unknown | 14 | 34% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Sports and Recreations | 13 | 32% |
| Engineering | 3 | 7% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 2 | 5% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 2 | 5% |
| Physics and Astronomy | 2 | 5% |
| Other | 7 | 17% |
| Unknown | 12 | 29% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 12 December 2012.
All research outputs
#20,656,161
of 25,373,627 outputs
Outputs from European Journal of Applied Physiology
#3,712
of 4,345 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#226,535
of 286,229 outputs
Outputs of similar age from European Journal of Applied Physiology
#28
of 36 outputs
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