Title |
The Genetics of Autism Spectrum Disorders – A Guide for Clinicians
|
---|---|
Published in |
Current Psychiatry Reports, December 2012
|
DOI | 10.1007/s11920-012-0334-3 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Karsten M. Heil, Christian P. Schaaf |
Abstract |
Recent advances in genetic testing technology have made chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) a first-tier clinical diagnostic test for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). Two main types of microarrays are available, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays and array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), each with its own advantages and disadvantages in ASDs testing. Rare genetic variants, and copy number variants (CNVs) in particular, have been shown to play a major role in ASDs. More than 200 autism susceptibility genes have been identified to date, and complex patterns of inheritance, such as oligogenic heterozygosity, appear to contribute to the etiopathogenesis of ASDs. Incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity represent particular challenges in the interpretation of CMA testing of autistic individuals. This review aims to provide an overview of autism genetics for the practicing physician and gives hands-on advice on how to follow-up on abnormal CMA findings in individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 4 | 27% |
Saudi Arabia | 2 | 13% |
Ireland | 2 | 13% |
Canada | 1 | 7% |
Spain | 1 | 7% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 7% |
Unknown | 4 | 27% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 8 | 53% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 5 | 33% |
Scientists | 2 | 13% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Italy | 1 | <1% |
Australia | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Lithuania | 1 | <1% |
Czechia | 1 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Iceland | 1 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 110 | 93% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 22 | 19% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 20 | 17% |
Student > Bachelor | 18 | 15% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 8 | 7% |
Student > Postgraduate | 7 | 6% |
Other | 23 | 19% |
Unknown | 20 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 27 | 23% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 23 | 19% |
Psychology | 16 | 14% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 7 | 6% |
Neuroscience | 6 | 5% |
Other | 14 | 12% |
Unknown | 25 | 21% |