| Title |
Cross-sectional biomonitoring study of pesticide exposures in Queensland, Australia, using pooled urine samples
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, September 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s11356-016-7571-7 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
AL Heffernan, K English, LML Toms, AM Calafat, L Valentin-Blasini, P Hobson, S Broomhall, RS Ware, P Jagals, PD Sly, JF Mueller |
| Abstract |
A range of pesticides are available in Australia for use in agricultural and domestic settings to control pests, including organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides, herbicides, and insect repellents, such as N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET). The aim of this study was to provide a cost-effective preliminary assessment of background exposure to a range of pesticides among a convenience sample of Australian residents. De-identified urine specimens stratified by age and sex were obtained from a community-based pathology laboratory and pooled (n = 24 pools of 100 specimens). Concentrations of urinary pesticide biomarkers were quantified using solid-phase extraction coupled with isotope dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Geometric mean biomarker concentrations ranged from <0.1 to 36.8 ng/mL for organophosphate insecticides, <0.1 to 5.5 ng/mL for pyrethroid insecticides, and <0.1 to 8.51 ng/mL for all other biomarkers with the exception of the DEET metabolite 3-diethylcarbamoyl benzoic acid (4.23 to 850 ng/mL). We observed no association between age and concentration for most biomarkers measured but noted a "U-shaped" trend for five organophosphate metabolites, with the highest concentrations observed in the youngest and oldest age strata, perhaps related to age-specific differences in behavior or physiology. The fact that concentrations of specific and non-specific metabolites of the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos were higher than reported in USA and Canada may relate to differences in registered applications among countries. Additional biomonitoring programs of the general population and focusing on vulnerable populations would improve the exposure assessment and the monitoring of temporal exposure trends as usage patterns of pesticide products in Australia change over time. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 2 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 50% |
| Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 50% |
| Scientists | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 71 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Poland | 1 | 1% |
| Unknown | 70 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 12 | 17% |
| Student > Master | 10 | 14% |
| Researcher | 9 | 13% |
| Student > Bachelor | 6 | 8% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 7% |
| Other | 15 | 21% |
| Unknown | 14 | 20% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Science | 10 | 14% |
| Chemistry | 9 | 13% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 7 | 10% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 6 | 8% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 5 | 7% |
| Other | 16 | 23% |
| Unknown | 18 | 25% |
Attention Score in Context
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#16,223,992
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