Although it is generally appreciated that a subset of elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) may benefit from intensive consolidation, little is known about variables predicting such benefit. We analysed 192 consecutive patients with de novo AML aged ≥60 years who were treated with intensive chemotherapy. One-hundred-fifteen patients (60%) achieved complete hematologic remission (CR). Among several parameters, the karyotype was the only independent variable predicting CR (p<0.05). Ninety-two percent (105/115) of the CR-patients received up to 4 consolidation cycles of intermediate dose ARA-C. Median continuous CR (CCR) and disease-free survival (DFS) were 1.3 and 1.1 years, respectively. CCR, DFS, and survival at 5 years were 23%, 18%, and 15%, respectively. Only karyotype and mutated NPM1 (NPM1mut) were independent predictors of survival. NPM1mut showed a particular prognostic impact in patients with normal (CN) or non-monosomal (Mkneg) karyotype by HOVON-criteria, or intermediate karyotype by SWOG-criteria. The median CCR was 0.94, 1.6, 0.9, and 0.5 years for core-binding-factor, CN/Mkneg-NPM1mut, CN/Mkneg-NPM1-wild-type AML, and AML with monosomal karyotype, respectively, and the 5-year survival was 25%, 39%, 2%, and 0%, respectively (p<0.05). Similar results (0.9, 1.5, 0.9, and 0.5 years) were obtained using modified SWOG criteria and NPM1 mutation status (p<0.05). In summary, elderly patients with CN/Mkneg-NPM1mut or CBF AML can achieve long term CCR when treated with intensive induction and consolidation therapy whereas most elderly patients with CN/Mkneg-NPM1wt or Mkpos AML may not benefit from intensive chemotherapy. For these patients either hematopoietic-stem-cell-transplantation or alternative treatments have to be considered. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.