The Diversity and Prevalence of Sexual Orientation Self-Labels in a New Zealand National Sample

Lara M. Greaves, Fiona Kate Barlow, Carol H. J. Lee, Correna M. Matika, Weiyu Wang, Cinnamon-Jo Lindsay, Claudia J. B. Case, Nikhil K. Sengupta, Yanshu Huang, Lucy J. Cowie, Samantha Stronge, Mary Storey, Lucy De Souza, Sam Manuela, Matthew D. Hammond, Petar Milojev, Carly S. Townrow, Emerald Muriwai, Nicole Satherley, Gloria Fraser, Tim West-Newman, Carla Houkamau, Joseph Bulbulia, Danny Osborne, Marc S. Wilson, Chris G. Sibley

In this study, we asked participants to "describe their sexual orientation" in an open-ended measure of self-generated sexual orientation. The question was included as part of the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study (N = 18,261) 2013/2014 wave, a national probability survey conducted shortly after the first legal same-sex marriages in New Zealand. We present a two-level classification scheme to address questions about the prevalence of, and demographic differences between, sexual orientations. At the most detailed level of the coding scheme, 49 unique categories were generated by participant responses. Of those who responded with the following, significantly more were women: bisexual (2.1 % of women, compared to 1.5 % of men), bicurious (0.7 % of women, 0.4 % of men), and asexual (0.4 % of women and less than 0.1 % of men). However, significantly fewer women than men reported being lesbian or gay (1.8 % of women, compared to 3.5 % of men). Those openly identifying as bicurious, bisexual, or lesbian/gay were significantly younger than those with a heterosexual orientation. This study shows diversity in the terms used in self-generated sexual orientations, and provides up-to-date gender, age, and prevalence estimates for the New Zealand population. Finally, results reveal that a substantial minority of participants may not have understood the question about sexual orientation.