Title |
Targeted therapy in renal cell carcinoma: moving from molecular agents to specific immunotherapy
|
---|---|
Published in |
World Journal of Urology, February 2013
|
DOI | 10.1007/s00345-013-1033-3 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Jens Bedke, Cécile Gouttefangeas, Harpreet Singh-Jasuja, Stefan Stevanović, Carl-Ludwig Behnes, Arnulf Stenzl |
Abstract |
Non-specific immunotherapy has been for a long time a standard treatment option for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma but was redeemed by specific targeted molecular therapies, namely the VEGF and mTOR inhibitors. After moving treatment for mRCC to specific molecular agents with a well-defined mode of action, immunotherapy still needs this further development to increase its accuracy. Nowadays, an evolution from a rather non-specific cytokine treatment to sophisticated targeted approaches in specific immunotherapy led to a re-launch of immunotherapy in clinical studies. Recent steps in the development of immunotherapy strategies are discussed in this review with a special focus on peptide vaccination which aims at a tumor targeting by specific T lymphocytes. In addition, different combinatory strategies with immunomodulating agents like cyclophosphamide or sunitinib are outlined, and the effects of immune checkpoint modulators as anti-CTLA-4 or PD-1 antibodies are discussed. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Korea, Republic of | 1 | 3% |
Unknown | 28 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 8 | 28% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 17% |
Student > Master | 4 | 14% |
Other | 3 | 10% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 2 | 7% |
Other | 5 | 17% |
Unknown | 2 | 7% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 15 | 52% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 4 | 14% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 3 | 10% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 2 | 7% |
Computer Science | 1 | 3% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 4 | 14% |