| Title |
The Nuts and Bolts of Low-level Laser (Light) Therapy
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Annals of Biomedical Engineering, November 2011
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s10439-011-0454-7 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Hoon Chung, Tianhong Dai, Sulbha K. Sharma, Ying-Ying Huang, James D. Carroll, Michael R. Hamblin |
| Abstract |
Soon after the discovery of lasers in the 1960s it was realized that laser therapy had the potential to improve wound healing and reduce pain, inflammation and swelling. In recent years the field sometimes known as photobiomodulation has broadened to include light-emitting diodes and other light sources, and the range of wavelengths used now includes many in the red and near infrared. The term "low level laser therapy" or LLLT has become widely recognized and implies the existence of the biphasic dose response or the Arndt-Schulz curve. This review will cover the mechanisms of action of LLLT at a cellular and at a tissular level and will summarize the various light sources and principles of dosimetry that are employed in clinical practice. The range of diseases, injuries, and conditions that can be benefited by LLLT will be summarized with an emphasis on those that have reported randomized controlled clinical trials. Serious life-threatening diseases such as stroke, heart attack, spinal cord injury, and traumatic brain injury may soon be amenable to LLLT therapy. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 14 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 5 | 36% |
| Canada | 1 | 7% |
| Mexico | 1 | 7% |
| Unknown | 7 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 11 | 79% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 14% |
| Scientists | 1 | 7% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 1,040 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 5 | <1% |
| Brazil | 3 | <1% |
| Germany | 3 | <1% |
| United Kingdom | 2 | <1% |
| Austria | 1 | <1% |
| Sweden | 1 | <1% |
| Zimbabwe | 1 | <1% |
| France | 1 | <1% |
| Canada | 1 | <1% |
| Other | 6 | <1% |
| Unknown | 1016 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 135 | 13% |
| Researcher | 134 | 13% |
| Student > Bachelor | 125 | 12% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 107 | 10% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 61 | 6% |
| Other | 201 | 19% |
| Unknown | 277 | 27% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 257 | 25% |
| Engineering | 72 | 7% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 65 | 6% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 62 | 6% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 46 | 4% |
| Other | 206 | 20% |
| Unknown | 332 | 32% |