Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators, Haidong Wang, Mohsen Naghavi, Christine Allen, Ryan M Barber, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Austin Carter, Daniel C Casey, Fiona J Charlson, Alan Zian Chen, Matthew M Coates, Megan Coggeshall, Lalit Dandona, Daniel J Dicker, Holly E Erskine, Alize J Ferrari, Christina Fitzmaurice, Kyle Foreman, Mohammad H Forouzanfar, Maya S Fraser, Nancy Fullman, Peter W Gething, Ellen M Goldberg, Nicholas Graetz, Juanita A Haagsma, Simon I Hay, Chantal Huynh, Catherine O Johnson, Nicholas J Kassebaum, Yohannes Kinfu, Xie Rachel Kulikoff, Michael Kutz, Hmwe H Kyu, Heidi J Larson, Janni Leung, Xiaofeng Liang, Stephen S Lim, Margaret Lind, Rafael Lozano, Neal Marquez, George A Mensah, Joe Mikesell, Ali H Mokdad, Meghan D Mooney, Grant Nguyen, Elaine Nsoesie, David M Pigott, Christine Pinho, Gregory A Roth, Joshua A Salomon, Logan Sandar, Naris Silpakit, Amber Sligar, Reed J D Sorensen, Jeffrey Stanaway, Caitlyn Steiner, Stephanie Teeple, Bernadette A Thomas, Christopher Troeger, Amelia VanderZanden, Stein Emil Vollset, Valentine Wanga, Harvey A Whiteford, Timothy Wolock, Leo Zoeckler, Kalkidan Hassen Abate, Cristiana Abbafati, Kaja M Abbas, Foad Abd-Allah, Semaw Ferede Abera, Daisy M X Abreu, Laith J Abu-Raddad, Gebre Yitayih Abyu, Tom Achoki, Ademola Lukman Adelekan, Zanfina Ademi, Arsène Kouablan Adou, José C Adsuar, Kossivi Agbelenko Afanvi, Ashkan Afshin, Emilie Elisabet Agardh, Arnav Agarwal, Anurag Agrawal, Aliasghar Ahmad Kiadaliri, Oluremi N Ajala, Ali Shafqat Akanda, Rufus Olusola Akinyemi, Tomi F Akinyemiju, Nadia Akseer, Faris Hasan Al Lami, Samer Alabed, Ziyad Al-Aly, Khurshid Alam, Noore K M Alam, Deena Alasfoor, Saleh Fahed Aldhahri, Robert William Aldridge, Miguel Angel Alegretti, Alicia V Aleman, Zewdie Aderaw Alemu, Lily T Alexander, Samia Alhabib, Raghib Ali, Ala'a Alkerwi, François Alla, Peter Allebeck, Rajaa Al-Raddadi, Ubai Alsharif, Khalid A Altirkawi, Elena Alvarez Martin, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Azmeraw T Amare, Adeladza Kofi Amegah, Emmanuel A Ameh, Heresh Amini, Walid Ammar, Stephen Marc Amrock, Hjalte H Andersen, Benjamin O Anderson, Gregory M Anderson, Carl Abelardo T Antonio, Atsede Fantahun Aregay, Johan Ärnlöv, Valentina S Arsic Arsenijevic, Al Artaman, Hamid Asayesh, Rana Jawad Asghar, Suleman Atique, Euripide Frinel G Arthur Avokpaho, Ashish Awasthi, Peter Azzopardi, Umar Bacha, Alaa Badawi, Maria C Bahit, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Amitava Banerjee, Aleksandra Barac, Suzanne L Barker-Collo, Till Bärnighausen, Lars Barregard, Lope H Barrero, Arindam Basu, Sanjay Basu, Yibeltal Tebekaw Bayou, Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi, Justin Beardsley, Neeraj Bedi, Ettore Beghi, Haileeyesus Adamu Belay, Brent Bell, Michelle L Bell, Aminu K Bello, Derrick A Bennett, Isabela M Bensenor, Adugnaw Berhane, Eduardo Bernabé, Balem Demtsu Betsu, Addisu Shunu Beyene, Neeraj Bhala, Ashish Bhalla, Sibhatu Biadgilign, Boris Bikbov, Aref A Bin Abdulhak, Brian J Biroscak, Stan Biryukov, Espen Bjertness, Jed D Blore, Christopher D Blosser, Megan A Bohensky, Rohan Borschmann, Dipan Bose, Rupert R A Bourne, Michael Brainin, Carol E G Brayne, Alexandra Brazinova, Nicholas J K Breitborde, Hermann Brenner, Jerry D Brewer, Alexandria Brown, Jonathan Brown, Traolach S Brugha, Geoffrey Colin Buckle, Zahid A Butt, Bianca Calabria, Ismael Ricardo Campos-Nonato, Julio Cesar Campuzano, Jonathan R Carapetis, Rosario Cárdenas, David O Carpenter, Juan Jesus Carrero, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Jacqueline Castillo Rivas, Ferrán Catalá-López, Fiorella Cavalleri, Kelly Cercy, Jorge Cerda, Wanqing Chen, Adrienne Chew, Peggy Pei-Chia Chiang, Mirriam Chibalabala, Chioma Ezinne Chibueze, Odgerel Chimed-Ochir, Vesper Hichilombwe Chisumpa, Jee-Young Jasmine Choi, Rajiv Chowdhury, Hanne Christensen, Devasahayam Jesudas Christopher, Liliana G Ciobanu, Massimo Cirillo, Aaron J Cohen, Valentina Colistro, Mercedes Colomar, Samantha M Colquhoun, Cyrus Cooper, Leslie Trumbull Cooper, Monica Cortinovis, Benjamin C Cowie, John A Crump, James Damsere-Derry, Hadi Danawi, Rakhi Dandona, Farah Daoud, Sarah C Darby, Paul I Dargan, José das Neves, Gail Davey, Adrian C Davis, Dragos V Davitoiu, E Filipa de Castro, Pieter de Jager, Diego De Leo, Louisa Degenhardt, Robert P Dellavalle, Kebede Deribe, Amare Deribew, Samath D Dharmaratne, Preet K Dhillon, Cesar Diaz-Torné, Eric L Ding, Kadine Priscila Bender dos Santos, Edem Dossou, Tim R Driscoll, Leilei Duan, Manisha Dubey, Bruce Bartholow Duncan, Richard G Ellenbogen, Christian Lycke Ellingsen, Iqbal Elyazar, Aman Yesuf Endries, Sergey Petrovich Ermakov, Babak Eshrati, Alireza Esteghamati, Kara Estep, Imad D A Faghmous, Saman Fahimi, Emerito Jose Aquino Faraon, Talha A Farid, Carla Sofia e Sa Farinha, André Faro, Maryam S Farvid, Farshad Farzadfar, Valery L Feigin, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Jefferson G Fernandes, Joao C Fernandes, Florian Fischer, Joseph R A Fitchett, Abraham Flaxman, Nataliya Foigt, F Gerry R Fowkes, Elisabeth Barboza Franca, Richard C Franklin, Joseph Friedman, Joseph Frostad, Thomas Fürst, Neal D Futran, Seana L Gall, Ketevan Gambashidze, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Parthasarathi Ganguly, Fortuné Gbètoho Gankpé, Teshome Gebre, Tsegaye Tsewelde Gebrehiwot, Amanuel Tesfay Gebremedhin, Alemseged Aregay Gebru, Johanna M Geleijnse, Bradford D Gessner, Aloke Gopal Ghoshal, Katherine B Gibney, Richard F Gillum, Stuart Gilmour, Ababi Zergaw Giref, Maurice Giroud, Melkamu Dedefo Gishu, Giorgia Giussani, Elizabeth Glaser, William W Godwin, Hector Gomez-Dantes, Philimon Gona, Amador Goodridge, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Richard A Gosselin, Carolyn C Gotay, Atsushi Goto, Hebe N Gouda, Felix Greaves, Harish Chander Gugnani, Rahul Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Vipin Gupta, Reyna A Gutiérrez, Nima Hafezi-Nejad, Demewoz Haile, Alemayehu Desalegne Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa Hailu, Yara A Halasa, Randah Ribhi Hamadeh, Samer Hamidi, Jamie Hancock, Alexis J Handal, Graeme J Hankey, Yuantao Hao, Hilda L Harb, Sivadasanpillai Harikrishnan, Josep Maria Haro, Rasmus Havmoeller, Susan R Heckbert, Ileana Beatriz Heredia-Pi, Pouria Heydarpour, Henk B M Hilderink, Hans W Hoek, Robert S Hogg, Masako Horino, Nobuyuki Horita, H Dean Hosgood, Peter J Hotez, Damian G Hoy, Mohamed Hsairi, Aung Soe Htet, Maung Maung Than Htike, Guoqing Hu, Cheng Huang, Hsiang Huang, Laetitia Huiart, Abdullatif Husseini, Inge Huybrechts, Grace Huynh, Kim Moesgaard Iburg, Kaire Innos, Manami Inoue, Veena J Iyer, Troy A Jacobs, Kathryn H Jacobsen, Nader Jahanmehr, Mihajlo B Jakovljevic, Peter James, Mehdi Javanbakht, Sudha P Jayaraman, Achala Upendra Jayatilleke, Panniyammakal Jeemon, Paul N Jensen, Vivekanand Jha, Guohong Jiang, Ying Jiang, Tariku Jibat, Aida Jimenez-Corona, Jost B Jonas, Tushar Kant Joshi, Zubair Kabir, Ritul Kamal, Haidong Kan, Surya Kant, André Karch, Corine Kakizi Karema, Chante Karimkhani, Dimitris Karletsos, Ganesan Karthikeyan, Amir Kasaeian, Marzieh Katibeh, Anil Kaul, Norito Kawakami, Jeanne Françoise Kayibanda, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Laura Kemmer, Andrew Haddon Kemp, Andre Pascal Kengne, Andre Keren, Maia Kereselidze, Chandrasekharan Nair Kesavachandran, Yousef Saleh Khader, Ibrahim A Khalil, Abdur Rahman Khan, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Young-Ho Khang, Sahil Khera, Tawfik Ahmed Muthafer Khoja, Christian Kieling, Daniel Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Brett M Kissela, Niranjan Kissoon, Luke D Knibbs, Ann Kristin Knudsen, Yoshihiro Kokubo, Dhaval Kolte, Jacek A Kopec, Soewarta Kosen, Parvaiz A Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Norun Hjertager Krog, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Andreas A Kudom, Ernst J Kuipers, Veena S Kulkarni, G Anil Kumar, Gene F Kwan, Aparna Lal, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Ratilal Lalloo, Tea Lallukka, Hilton Lam, Jennifer O Lam, Sinead M Langan, Van C Lansingh, Anders Larsson, Dennis Odai Laryea, Asma Abdul Latif, Alicia Elena Beatriz Lawrynowicz, James Leigh, Miriam Levi, Yongmei Li, M Patrice Lindsay, Steven E Lipshultz, Patrick Y Liu, Shiwei Liu, Yang Liu, Loon-Tzian Lo, Giancarlo Logroscino, Paulo A Lotufo, Robyn M Lucas, Raimundas Lunevicius, Ronan A Lyons, Stefan Ma, Vasco Manuel Pedro Machado, Mark T Mackay, Jennifer H MacLachlan, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed Magdy, Abd El Razek, Marek Majdan, Azeem Majeed, Reza Malekzadeh, Wondimu Ayele Ayele Manamo, John Mandisarisa, Srikanth Mangalam, Chabila C Mapoma, Wagner Marcenes, David Joel Margolis, Gerard Robert Martin, Jose Martinez-Raga, Melvin Barrientos Marzan, Felix Masiye, Amanda J Mason-Jones, João Massano, Richard Matzopoulos, Bongani M Mayosi, Stephen Theodore McGarvey, John J McGrath, Martin McKee, Brian J McMahon, Peter A Meaney, Alem Mehari, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Fabiola Mejia-Rodriguez, Alemayehu B Mekonnen, Yohannes Adama Melaku, Peter Memiah, Ziad A Memish, Walter Mendoza, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J Meretoja, Francis Apolinary Mhimbira, Renata Micha, Anoushka Millear, Ted R Miller, Mojde Mirarefin, Awoke Misganaw, Charles N Mock, Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammad, Alireza Mohammadi, Shafiu Mohammed, Viswanathan Mohan, Glen Liddell D Mola, Lorenzo Monasta, Julio Cesar Montañez Hernandez, Pablo Montero, Marcella Montico, Thomas J Montine, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Lidia Morawska, Katherine Morgan, Rintaro Mori, Dariush Mozaffarian, Ulrich O Mueller, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana Murthy, Srinivas Murthy, Kamarul Imran Musa, Jean B Nachega, Gabriele Nagel, Kovin S Naidoo, Nitish Naik, Luigi Naldi, Vinay Nangia, Denis Nash, Chakib Nejjari, Subas Neupane, Charles R Newton, John N Newton, Marie Ng, Frida Namnyak Ngalesoni, Jean de Dieu Ngirabega, Quyen Le Nguyen, Muhammad Imran Nisar, Patrick Martial Nkamedjie Pete, Marika Nomura, Ole F Norheim, Paul E Norman, Bo Norrving, Luke Nyakarahuka, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Takayoshi Ohkubo, Foluke Adetola Ojelabi, Pedro R Olivares, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, John Nelson Opio, Eyal Oren, Alberto Ortiz, Majdi Osman, Erika Ota, Raziye Ozdemir, PA Mahesh, Amanda Pain, Jeyaraj D Pandian, Puspa Raj Pant, Christina Papachristou, Eun-Kee Park, Jae-Hyun Park, Charles D Parry, Mahboubeh Parsaeian, Angel J Paternina Caicedo, Scott B Patten, George C Patton, Vinod K Paul, Neil Pearce, João Mário Pedro, Ljiljana Pejin Stokic, David M Pereira, Norberto Perico, Konrad Pesudovs, Max Petzold, Michael Robert Phillips, Frédéric B Piel, Julian David Pillay, Dietrich Plass, James A Platts-Mills, Suzanne Polinder, C Arden Pope, Svetlana Popova, Richie G Poulton, Farshad Pourmalek, Dorairaj Prabhakaran, Mostafa Qorbani, Justice Quame-Amaglo, D Alex Quistberg, Anwar Rafay, Kazem Rahimi, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Mahfuzar Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Sajjad Ur Rahman, Rajesh Kumar Rai, Zhale Rajavi, Sasa Rajsic, Murugesan Raju, Ivo Rakovac, Saleem M Rana, Chhabi L Ranabhat, Thara Rangaswamy, Puja Rao, Sowmya R Rao, Amany H Refaat, Jürgen Rehm, Marissa B Reitsma, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Serge Resnikoff, Antonio L Ribeiro, Stefano Ricci, Maria Jesus Rios Blancas, Bayard Roberts, Anna Roca, David Rojas-Rueda, Luca Ronfani, Gholamreza Roshandel, Dietrich Rothenbacher, Ambuj Roy, Nawal K Roy, George Mugambage Ruhago, Rajesh Sagar, Sukanta Saha, Ramesh Sahathevan, Muhammad Muhammad Saleh, Juan R Sanabria, Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño, Lidia Sanchez-Riera, Itamar S Santos, Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suarez, Benn Sartorius, Maheswar Satpathy, Miloje Savic, Monika Sawhney, Michael P Schaub, Maria Inês Schmidt, Ione J C Schneider, Ben Schöttker, Aletta E Schutte, David C Schwebel, Soraya Seedat, Sadaf G Sepanlou, Edson E Servan-Mori, Katya A Shackelford, Gavin Shaddick, Amira Shaheen, Saeid Shahraz, Masood Ali Shaikh, Marina Shakh-Nazarova, Rajesh Sharma, Jun She, Sara Sheikhbahaei, Jiabin Shen, Ziyan Shen, Donald S Shepard, Kevin N Sheth, Balakrishna P Shetty, Peilin Shi, Kenji Shibuya, Min-Jeong Shin, Rahman Shiri, Ivy Shiue, Mark G Shrime, Inga Dora Sigfusdottir, Donald H Silberberg, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Dayane Gabriele Alves Silveira, Jonathan I Silverberg, Edgar P Simard, Abhishek Singh, Gitanjali M Singh, Jasvinder A Singh, Om Prakash Singh, Prashant Kumar Singh, Virendra Singh, Samir Soneji, Kjetil Søreide, Joan B Soriano, Luciano A Sposato, Chandrashekhar T Sreeramareddy, Vasiliki Stathopoulou, Dan J Stein, Murray B Stein, Saverio Stranges, Konstantinos Stroumpoulis, Bruno F Sunguya, Patrick Sur, Soumya Swaminathan, Bryan L Sykes, Cassandra E I Szoeke, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Karen M Tabb, Ken Takahashi, Jukka S Takala, Roberto Tchio Talongwa, Nikhil Tandon, Mohammad Tavakkoli, Bineyam Taye, Hugh R Taylor, Braden J Te Ao, Bemnet Amare Tedla, Worku Mekonnen Tefera, Margreet Ten Have, Abdullah Sulieman Terkawi, Fisaha Haile Tesfay, Gizachew Assefa Tessema, Alan J Thomson, Andrew L Thorne-Lyman, Amanda G Thrift, George D Thurston, Taavi Tillmann, David L Tirschwell, Marcello Tonelli, Roman Topor-Madry, Fotis Topouzis, Jeffrey Allen Towbin, Jefferson Traebert, Bach Xuan Tran, Thomas Truelsen, Ulises Trujillo, Abera Kenay Tura, Emin Murat Tuzcu, Uche S Uchendu, Kingsley N Ukwaja, Eduardo A Undurraga, Olalekan A Uthman, Rita Van Dingenen, Aaron van Donkelaar, Tommi Vasankari, Ana Maria Nogales Vasconcelos, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Ramesh Vidavalur, Lakshmi Vijayakumar, Salvador Villalpando, Francesco S Violante, Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov, Joseph A Wagner, Gregory R Wagner, Mitchell T Wallin, Linhong Wang, David A Watkins, Scott Weichenthal, Elisabete Weiderpass, Robert G Weintraub, Andrea Werdecker, Ronny Westerman, Richard A White, Tissa Wijeratne, James D Wilkinson, Hywel C Williams, Charles Shey Wiysonge, Solomon Meseret Woldeyohannes, Charles D A Wolfe, Sungho Won, John Q Wong, Anthony D Woolf, Denis Xavier, Qingyang Xiao, Gelin Xu, Bereket Yakob, Ayalnesh Zemene Yalew, Lijing L Yan, Yuichiro Yano, Mehdi Yaseri, Pengpeng Ye, Henock Gebremedhin Yebyo, Paul Yip, Biruck Desalegn Yirsaw, Naohiro Yonemoto, Gerald Yonga, Mustafa Z Younis, Shicheng Yu, Zoubida Zaidi, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Faiez Zannad, Diego E Zavala, Hajo Zeeb, Berihun M Zeleke, Hao Zhang, Sanjay Zodpey, David Zonies, Liesl Joanna Zuhlke, Theo Vos, Alan D Lopez, Christopher J L Murray