| Title |
Can persistent organic pollutants explain the association between serum γ-glutamyltransferase and type 2 diabetes?
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Diabetologia, December 2007
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00125-007-0896-5 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
D.-H. Lee, M. W. Steffes, D. R. Jacobs |
| Abstract |
The results of several epidemiological studies of serum gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) led us to hypothesise that associations of GGT within its normal range with type 2 diabetes may reflect detrimental effects of xenobiotics found in the environment, such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Epidemiological observations showed that serum GGT activity within its normal range strongly predicted future type 2 diabetes; the predictability of diabetes from obesity was low with GGT at the low end of the normal range; and GGT showed a positive association with known markers of oxidative stress or inflammation. Experimental findings on cellular GGT suggest that serum GGT levels within the normal range may reflect oxidative stress related to the re-synthesis of intracellular glutathione; however, this interpretation is not completely satisfying because, in its role of regenerating intracellular glutathione, GGT activity should be antioxidative. Alternatively, serum GGT activity may reflect amounts of glutathione conjugates formed during the metabolism of xenobiotics. Accordingly, we postulate a two-part hypothesis: that the association of serum GGT with type 2 diabetes reflects exposure to POPs, as these substances, which have a very long half-life, may influence diabetes risk by residing in adipose tissue as endocrine disruptors; and that POPs or similar substances may interact with obesity to cause type 2 diabetes. Supporting this hypothesis, cross-sectional investigation of background exposure to POPs in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey showed relationships similar to those observed for GGT, including a powerful association with prevalent diabetes and no association between obesity and diabetes for very low POP concentrations. Our hypothesis can be tested in both prospective studies and toxicological studies. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profile of 1 X user who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 60 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Brazil | 2 | 3% |
| Korea, Republic of | 1 | 2% |
| Unknown | 57 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 9 | 15% |
| Researcher | 8 | 13% |
| Student > Master | 7 | 12% |
| Other | 6 | 10% |
| Student > Bachelor | 5 | 8% |
| Other | 17 | 28% |
| Unknown | 8 | 13% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 19 | 32% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 8 | 13% |
| Environmental Science | 8 | 13% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 4 | 7% |
| Chemistry | 2 | 3% |
| Other | 8 | 13% |
| Unknown | 11 | 18% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 4. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 07 October 2016.
All research outputs
#6,981,975
of 22,890,496 outputs
Outputs from Diabetologia
#2,712
of 5,040 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#39,177
of 156,320 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Diabetologia
#12
of 28 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,890,496 research outputs across all sources so far. This one has received more attention than most of these and is in the 68th percentile.
So far Altmetric has tracked 5,040 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 22.7. This one is in the 45th percentile – i.e., 45% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 156,320 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 74% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 28 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 57% of its contemporaries.