Title |
Norovirus Dynamics in Wastewater Discharges and in the Recipient Drinking Water Source: Long-Term Monitoring and Hydrodynamic Modeling
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Published in |
Environmental Science & Technology, October 2016
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DOI | 10.1021/acs.est.6b02110 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Olaf Dienus, Ekaterina Sokolova, Fredrik Nyström, Andreas Matussek, Sture Löfgren, Lena Blom, Thomas J. R. Pettersson, Per-Eric Lindgren |
Abstract |
Norovirus (NoV) that enters drinking water sources with wastewater discharges is a common cause of waterborne outbreaks. The impact of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) on the river Göta älv (Sweden) was studied using monitoring and hydrodynamic modelling. The concentrations of NoV genogroups (GG) I and II in samples collected at WWTPs and drinking water intakes (source water) during one year were quantified using duplex real-time reverse-transcription PCR. The mean (standard deviation) NoV GGI and GGII genome concentrations were 6.2 (1.4) and 6.8 (1.8) in incoming wastewater, and 5.3 (1.4) and 5.9 (1.4) Log10 genome equivalents (g.e.) L^(-1) in treated wastewater, respectively. The reduction at the WWTPs varied between 0.4 and 1.1 Log10 units. In source water, the concentration ranged from below the detection limit to 3.8 Log10 g.e. L^(-1). NoV GGII was detected in both wastewater and source water more frequently during the cold than the warm period of the year. The spread of NoV in the river was simulated using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The modelling results indicated that the NoV GGI and GGII genome concentrations in source water may occasionally be up to 2.8 and 1.9 Log10 units higher, respectively, than the concentrations measured during the monitoring project. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Ireland | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 50 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 9 | 18% |
Researcher | 7 | 14% |
Student > Master | 7 | 14% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 4 | 8% |
Lecturer | 2 | 4% |
Other | 7 | 14% |
Unknown | 14 | 28% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Environmental Science | 11 | 22% |
Engineering | 6 | 12% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 4 | 8% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 2 | 4% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 2 | 4% |
Other | 4 | 8% |
Unknown | 21 | 42% |