Title |
Sulforhodamine Nanothermometer for Multiparametric Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy
|
---|---|
Published in |
Analytical Chemistry, October 2016
|
DOI | 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02675 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
James Jenkins, Sergey M. Borisov, Dmitri B. Papkovsky, Ruslan I. Dmitriev |
Abstract |
Live cells function within narrow limits of physiological temperature (T), O2 and metabolite concentrations. We have designed a cell-permeable T-sensitive fluorescence lifetime-based nanoprobe based on lipophilic sulforhodamine, which stains 2D and 3D cell models, shows cytoplasmic localization and robust response to T (~0.037 ns/K). Subsequently, we evaluated the probe and FLIM technique for combined imaging of T and O2 gradients in metabolically active cells. We found that in adherent 2D culture of HCT116 cells intracellular T and O2 are close to ambient values. However in 3D spheroid structures having size >200 μm, T and O2 gradients become pronounced. These microgradients can be enhanced by treatment with mitochondrial uncouplers or dissipated by drug-induced disaggregation of the spheroids. Thus, we demonstrate the existence of local microgradients of T in 3D cell models and utility of combined imaging of O2 and T. |
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