Title |
Recent progress in adjuvant discovery for peptide-based subunit vaccines
|
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Published in |
Human vaccines immunotherapeutics, December 2013
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DOI | 10.4161/hv.27332 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Fazren Azmi, Abdullah Al Hadi Ahmad Fuaad, Mariusz Skwarczynski, Istvan Toth |
Abstract |
Peptide-based subunit vaccines are of great interest in modern immunotherapy as they are safe, easy to produce and well defined. However, peptide antigens produce a relatively weak immune response, and thus require the use of immunostimulants (adjuvants) for optimal efficacy. Developing a safe and effective adjuvant remains a challenge for peptide-based vaccine design. Recent advances in immunology have allowed researchers to have a better understanding of the immunological implication of related diseases, which facilitates more rational design of adjuvant systems. Understanding the molecular structure of the adjuvants allows the establishment of their structure-activity relationships which is useful for the development of next-generation adjuvants. This review summarizes the current state of adjuvants development in the field of synthetic peptide-based vaccines. The structural, chemical and biological properties of adjuvants associated with their immunomodulatory effects are discussed. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Japan | 4 | 40% |
Unknown | 6 | 60% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 10 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
South Africa | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 208 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 37 | 17% |
Student > Master | 25 | 12% |
Researcher | 22 | 10% |
Student > Bachelor | 22 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 11 | 5% |
Other | 34 | 16% |
Unknown | 61 | 29% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 30 | 14% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 29 | 14% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 20 | 9% |
Chemistry | 17 | 8% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 13 | 6% |
Other | 30 | 14% |
Unknown | 73 | 34% |