Title |
Androgens and skeletal muscle: cellular and molecular action mechanisms underlying the anabolic actions
|
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Published in |
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, November 2011
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DOI | 10.1007/s00018-011-0883-3 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Vanessa Dubois, Michaël Laurent, Steven Boonen, Dirk Vanderschueren, Frank Claessens |
Abstract |
Androgens increase both the size and strength of skeletal muscle via diverse mechanisms. The aim of this review is to discuss the different cellular targets of androgens in skeletal muscle as well as the respective androgen actions in these cells leading to changes in proliferation, myogenic differentiation, and protein metabolism. Androgens bind and activate a specific nuclear receptor which will directly affect the transcription of target genes. These genes encode muscle-specific transcription factors, enzymes, structural proteins, as well as microRNAs. In addition, anabolic action of androgens is partly established through crosstalk with other signaling molecules such as Akt, myostatin, IGF-I, and Notch. Finally, androgens may also exert non-genomic effects in muscle by increasing Ca(2+) uptake and modulating kinase activities. In conclusion, the anabolic effect of androgens on skeletal muscle is not only explained by activation of the myocyte androgen receptor but is also the combined result of many genomic and non-genomic actions. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Norway | 2 | 1% |
Italy | 2 | 1% |
Portugal | 1 | <1% |
Austria | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 131 | 94% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 27 | 19% |
Researcher | 22 | 16% |
Student > Master | 22 | 16% |
Student > Bachelor | 21 | 15% |
Student > Postgraduate | 8 | 6% |
Other | 22 | 16% |
Unknown | 17 | 12% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 35 | 25% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 26 | 19% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 22 | 16% |
Sports and Recreations | 10 | 7% |
Neuroscience | 5 | 4% |
Other | 19 | 14% |
Unknown | 22 | 16% |