Title |
Emerging role of immunotherapy in urothelial carcinoma—Future directions and novel therapies
|
---|---|
Published in |
Urologic Oncology, October 2016
|
DOI | 10.1016/j.urolonc.2016.09.002 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Jong Chul Park, Noah M. Hahn |
Abstract |
Tremendous advances in our understanding of the tumor immunology and molecular biology of urothelial carcinoma (UC) have led to the recent approval of immunotherapy as a novel option for patients with UC with advanced disease. Despite the promising data of novel immune checkpoint inhibitors, only a small subset of patients with UC achieves durable remissions. Because an optimal antitumor response requires coordination of multiple immune, tumor, and microenvironment effector cells, novel approaches targeting distinct mechanisms of action likely in combination are needed. In addition, discovery of reliable immune biomarkers, understanding of mechanisms of resistance, and novel clinical trial designs are warranted for maximum benefit of UC immunotherapy. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
France | 1 | 50% |
United States | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 28 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 6 | 21% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 4 | 14% |
Student > Master | 3 | 11% |
Student > Postgraduate | 2 | 7% |
Lecturer | 1 | 4% |
Other | 5 | 18% |
Unknown | 7 | 25% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 10 | 36% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 4 | 14% |
Unspecified | 1 | 4% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | 4% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 1 | 4% |
Other | 2 | 7% |
Unknown | 9 | 32% |