Chapter title |
DNA Methyltransferases - Role and Function
|
---|---|
Chapter number | 15 |
Book title |
DNA Methyltransferases - Role and Function
|
Published in |
Advances in experimental medicine and biology, November 2016
|
DOI | 10.1007/978-3-319-43624-1_15 |
Pubmed ID | |
Book ISBNs |
978-3-31-943622-7, 978-3-31-943624-1
|
Authors |
Tost, Jörg, Jörg Tost |
Editors |
Albert Jeltsch, Renata Z. Jurkowska |
Abstract |
DNA methylation is the most studied epigenetic modification, and altered DNA methylation patterns have been identified in cancer and more recently also in many other complex diseases. Furthermore, DNA methylation is influenced by a variety of environmental factors, and the analysis of DNA methylation patterns might allow deciphering previous exposure. Although a large number of techniques to study DNA methylation either genome-wide or at specific loci have been devised, they all are based on a limited number of principles for differentiating the methylation state, viz., methylation-specific/methylation-dependent restriction enzymes, antibodies or methyl-binding proteins, chemical-based enrichment, or bisulfite conversion. Second-generation sequencing has largely replaced microarrays as readout platform and is also becoming more popular for locus-specific DNA methylation analysis. In this chapter, the currently used methods for both genome-wide and locus-specific analysis of 5-methylcytosine and as its oxidative derivatives, such as 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, are reviewed in detail, and the advantages and limitations of each approach are discussed. Furthermore, emerging technologies avoiding PCR amplification and allowing a direct readout of DNA methylation are summarized, together with novel applications, such as the detection of DNA methylation in single cells or in circulating cell-free DNA. |
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Student > Ph. D. Student | 3 | 13% |
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Student > Postgraduate | 1 | 4% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
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Nursing and Health Professions | 1 | 4% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 6 | 26% |