Title |
The Immune Response in Tuberculosis
|
---|---|
Published in |
Annual Review of Immunology, March 2013
|
DOI | 10.1146/annurev-immunol-032712-095939 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Anne O'Garra, Paul S. Redford, Finlay W. McNab, Chloe I. Bloom, Robert J. Wilkinson, Matthew P.R. Berry |
Abstract |
There are 9 million cases of active tuberculosis reported annually; however, an estimated one-third of the world's population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and remains asymptomatic. Of these latent individuals, only 5-10% will develop active tuberculosis disease in their lifetime. CD4(+) T cells, as well as the cytokines IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF, are critical in the control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, but the host factors that determine why some individuals are protected from infection while others go on to develop disease are unclear. Genetic factors of the host and of the pathogen itself may be associated with an increased risk of patients developing active tuberculosis. This review aims to summarize what we know about the immune response in tuberculosis, in human disease, and in a range of experimental models, all of which are essential to advancing our mechanistic knowledge base of the host-pathogen interactions that influence disease outcome. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Germany | 2 | 22% |
Ireland | 1 | 11% |
South Africa | 1 | 11% |
Kuwait | 1 | 11% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 11% |
Unknown | 3 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 6 | 67% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 9 | <1% |
South Africa | 7 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 4 | <1% |
Germany | 3 | <1% |
Canada | 3 | <1% |
Spain | 3 | <1% |
Japan | 3 | <1% |
Brazil | 3 | <1% |
Thailand | 2 | <1% |
Other | 18 | 1% |
Unknown | 1674 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 286 | 17% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 271 | 16% |
Student > Bachelor | 254 | 15% |
Researcher | 211 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 115 | 7% |
Other | 284 | 16% |
Unknown | 308 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 365 | 21% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 316 | 18% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 258 | 15% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 207 | 12% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 35 | 2% |
Other | 195 | 11% |
Unknown | 353 | 20% |