| Title |
Pharmacokinetic Interactions Between Alcohol and Other Drugs
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Clinical Pharmacokinetics, November 2012
|
| DOI | 10.2165/00003088-199733020-00001 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Alan G. Fraser |
| Abstract |
The frequent use of alcohol (ethanol) together with prescription drugs gives any described pharmacokinetic interaction significant clinical implications. The issue is both the effect of alcohol on the pharmacokinetics of various drugs and also the effect of those drugs on the pharmacokinetics of alcohol. This review discusses these pharmacokinetic interactions but also briefly describes some other effects of alcohol that are clinically relevant to drug prescribing. The use of several different study designs may be required before we can confidently state the presence or absence of any alcohol-drug interaction. Short term administration of alcohol in volunteers is the most common study design but studies of social drinking and prolonged moderate alcohol intake can be important in some situations. Community-based studies may illustrate the clinical relevance of any interaction. Alcohol can affect the pharmacokinetics of drugs by altering gastric emptying or liver metabolism (by inducing cytochrome P450 2E1). Drugs may affect the pharmacokinetics of alcohol by altering gastric emptying and inhibiting gastric alcohol dehydrogenase. The role of gastric alcohol dehydrogenase in the first-pass metabolism of alcohol is reviewed in this article and the arguments for and against any potential interaction between alcohol and H2 receptor antagonists are also discussed. The inhibition of the metabolism of acetaldehyde may cause disulfiram-like reactions. Pharmacodynamic interactions between alcohol and prescription drugs are common, particularly the additive sedative effects with benzodiazepines and also with some of the antihistamine drugs; other interactions may occur with tricyclic antidepressants. Alcohol intake may be a contributing factor to the disease state which is being treated and may complicate treatment because of various pathophysiological effects (e.g. impairment of gluconeogenesis and the risk of hypoglycaemia with oral hypoglycaemic agents). The combination of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and alcohol intake increases the risk of gastrointestinal haemorrhage. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 114 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 4 | 4% |
| United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 109 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 26 | 23% |
| Student > Master | 23 | 20% |
| Researcher | 13 | 11% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 6 | 5% |
| Professor | 5 | 4% |
| Other | 17 | 15% |
| Unknown | 24 | 21% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 28 | 25% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 11 | 10% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 10 | 9% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 10 | 9% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 7 | 6% |
| Other | 19 | 17% |
| Unknown | 29 | 25% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 18 September 2017.
All research outputs
#8,534,528
of 25,373,627 outputs
Outputs from Clinical Pharmacokinetics
#682
of 1,602 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#85,973
of 284,918 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Clinical Pharmacokinetics
#191
of 474 outputs
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