One Hundred Questions of Importance to the Conservation of Global Biological Diversity

W. J. SUTHERLAND, W. M. ADAMS, R. B. ARONSON, R. AVELING, T. M. BLACKBURN, S. BROAD, G. CEBALLOS, I. M. CÔTÉ, R. M. COWLING, G. A. B. DA FONSECA, E. DINERSTEIN, P. J. FERRARO, E. FLEISHMAN, C. GASCON, M. HUNTER, J. HUTTON, P. KAREIVA, A. KURIA, D. W. MACDONALD, K. MACKINNON, F. J. MADGWICK, M. B. MASCIA, J. MCNEELY, E. J. MILNER‐GULLAND, S. MOON, C. G. MORLEY, S. NELSON, D. OSBORN, M. PAI, E. C. M. PARSONS, L. S. PECK, H. POSSINGHAM, S. V. PRIOR, A. S. PULLIN, M. R. W. RANDS, J. RANGANATHAN, K. H. REDFORD, J. P. RODRIGUEZ, F. SEYMOUR, J. SOBEL, N. S. SODHI, A. STOTT, K. VANCE‐BORLAND, A. R. WATKINSON

We identified 100 scientific questions that, if answered, would have the greatest impact on conservation practice and policy. Representatives from 21 international organizations, regional sections and working groups of the Society for Conservation Biology, and 12 academics, from all continents except Antarctica, compiled 2291 questions of relevance to conservation of biological diversity worldwide. The questions were gathered from 761 individuals through workshops, email requests, and discussions. Voting by email to short-list questions, followed by a 2-day workshop, was used to derive the final list of 100 questions. Most of the final questions were derived through a process of modification and combination as the workshop progressed. The questions are divided into 12 sections: ecosystem functions and services, climate change, technological change, protected areas, ecosystem management and restoration, terrestrial ecosystems, marine ecosystems, freshwater ecosystems, species management, organizational systems and processes, societal context and change, and impacts of conservation interventions. We anticipate that these questions will help identify new directions for researchers and assist funders in directing funds.