| Title |
The beneficial effects of empagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, on atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice fed a western diet
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Diabetologia, November 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00125-016-4158-2 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Ji Hye Han, Tae Jung Oh, Ghayoung Lee, Hyo Jin Maeng, Dong Hwa Lee, Kyoung Min Kim, Sung Hee Choi, Hak Chul Jang, Hye Seung Lee, Kyong Soo Park, Young-Bum Kim, Soo Lim |
| Abstract |
A recent large clinical study has shown that empagliflozin has a lower rate of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality when compared with placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes. We investigated the effect of empagliflozin (compared with glimepiride) on the progression of atherosclerosis, and its possible mechanisms of action. Forty-eight 5-week-old male ApoE (-/-) mice were fed a western diet for 20 weeks and divided into four groups: control (saline, 154 mmol/l NaCl), glimepiride 0.1 mg/kg, empagliflozin 1 mg/kg and empagliflozin 3 mg/kg (n = 12/group). Plaque size and composition in the aortic arch/valve areas and cardiovascular risk variables in the blood and tissues were evaluated. Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA and adiponectin levels. Body composition was determined using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. After 8 weeks of treatment, the empagliflozin and glimepiride groups exhibited decreased blood glucose levels. Atherosclerotic plaque areas in the aortic arch/valve were significantly smaller in the empagliflozin groups than in the control or glimepiride groups. Insulin resistance and circulating concentrations of TNF-α, IL-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), serum amyloid A and urinary microalbumin decreased after empagliflozin treatment, and this significantly correlated with plaque size. Empagliflozin treatment reduced weight and fat mass, lipid droplets in the liver, fat cell size, mRNA expression of Tnf, Il6 and Mcp-1 (also known as Ccl2) and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in plaque and adipose tissue compared with the control or glimepiride group. Empagliflozin treatment increased adiponectin levels. Improvements in inflammation and insulin resistance seem to be mechanisms involved in the mitigation of atherosclerosis by empagliflozin. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 23 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 4 | 17% |
| United States | 2 | 9% |
| India | 2 | 9% |
| Uruguay | 1 | 4% |
| Oman | 1 | 4% |
| South Africa | 1 | 4% |
| Spain | 1 | 4% |
| Germany | 1 | 4% |
| Austria | 1 | 4% |
| Other | 2 | 9% |
| Unknown | 7 | 30% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 14 | 61% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 5 | 22% |
| Scientists | 4 | 17% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 170 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
| Sweden | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 168 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 27 | 16% |
| Student > Master | 22 | 13% |
| Researcher | 15 | 9% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 13 | 8% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 12 | 7% |
| Other | 22 | 13% |
| Unknown | 59 | 35% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 43 | 25% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 20 | 12% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 16 | 9% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 7 | 4% |
| Neuroscience | 4 | 2% |
| Other | 13 | 8% |
| Unknown | 67 | 39% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 14. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 02 May 2022.
All research outputs
#2,192,512
of 22,770,070 outputs
Outputs from Diabetologia
#1,147
of 5,034 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#46,193
of 414,725 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Diabetologia
#31
of 69 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,770,070 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 90th percentile: it's in the top 10% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 5,034 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 22.6. This one has done well, scoring higher than 77% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 414,725 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done well, scoring higher than 88% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 69 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 56% of its contemporaries.