| Title |
Looking back at ‘looking back’: operationalising referential gaze for dingoes in an unsolvable task
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Animal Cognition, April 2013
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s10071-013-0629-8 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Bradley Philip Smith, Carla Anita Litchfield |
| Abstract |
This paper examined the performance of dingoes (Canis dingo) on the rope-pulling task, previously used by Miklósi et al. (Curr Biol 13:763-766, 2003) to highlight a key distinction in the problem-solving behaviour of wolves compared to dogs when in the company of humans. That is, when dogs were confronted with an unsolvable task, following a solvable version of the task they looked back or gazed at the human, whereas, wolves did not. We replicated the rope-pulling task using 12 sanctuary-housed dingoes and used the Miklósi et al. (Curr Biol 13:763-766, 2003) definition of looking back behaviour to analyse the data. However, at least three different types of look backs were observed in our study. We, then developed a more accurate operational definition of looking back behaviour that was task specific and reanalysed the data. We found that the operational definition employed greatly influences the results, with vague definitions potentially overestimating the prevalence of looking back behaviour. Thus, caution must be taken when interpreting the results of studies utilising looking back as behaviour linked to assistance seeking during problem solving. We present a more stringent definition and make suggestions for future research. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 6 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Australia | 2 | 33% |
| United States | 1 | 17% |
| Unknown | 3 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 4 | 67% |
| Scientists | 2 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 65 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Hungary | 2 | 3% |
| United States | 2 | 3% |
| Germany | 1 | 2% |
| Italy | 1 | 2% |
| Unknown | 59 | 91% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 12 | 18% |
| Student > Bachelor | 9 | 14% |
| Researcher | 8 | 12% |
| Student > Master | 8 | 12% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 6 | 9% |
| Other | 11 | 17% |
| Unknown | 11 | 17% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 20 | 31% |
| Psychology | 14 | 22% |
| Social Sciences | 3 | 5% |
| Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 2 | 3% |
| Neuroscience | 2 | 3% |
| Other | 5 | 8% |
| Unknown | 19 | 29% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 17. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 04 October 2019.
All research outputs
#2,065,965
of 24,620,113 outputs
Outputs from Animal Cognition
#438
of 1,544 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#16,860
of 203,509 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Animal Cognition
#7
of 21 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 24,620,113 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 91st percentile: it's in the top 10% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 21 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 71% of its contemporaries.