| Title |
Progressive cerebral injury in the setting of chronic HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Journal of NeuroVirology, April 2013
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s13365-013-0162-1 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Assawin Gongvatana, Jaroslaw Harezlak, Steven Buchthal, Eric Daar, Giovanni Schifitto, Thomas Campbell, Michael Taylor, Elyse Singer, Jeffrey Algers, Jianhui Zhong, Mark Brown, Deborah McMahon, Yuen T. So, Deming Mi, Robert Heaton, Kevin Robertson, Constantin Yiannoutsos, Ronald A. Cohen, Bradford Navia, HIV Neuroimaging Consortium |
| Abstract |
Emerging evidence suggests that CNS injury and neurocognitive impairment persist in the setting of chronic HIV infection and combination antiretroviral therapy (CART). Yet, whether neurological injury can progress in this setting remains uncertain. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and neurocognitive and clinical assessments were performed over 2 years in 226 HIV-infected individuals on stable CART, including 138 individuals who were neurocognitively asymptomatic (NA). Concentrations of N-acetylaspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), choline (Cho), myoinositol, and glutamate/glutamine (Glx) were measured in the midfrontal cortex (MFC), frontal white matter (FWM), and basal ganglia (BG). Longitudinal changes in metabolite levels were determined using linear mixed effect models, as were metabolite changes in relation to global neurocognitive function. HIV-infected subjects showed significant annual decreases in brain metabolite levels in all regions examined, including NAA (2.95 %) and Cho (2.61 %) in the FWM; NAA (1.89 %), Cr (1.84 %), Cho (2.19 %), and Glx (6.05 %) in the MFC; and Glx (2.80 %) in the BG. Similar metabolite decreases were observed in the NA and subclinically impaired subgroups, including subjects with virologic suppression in plasma and CSF. Neurocognitive decline was associated with longitudinal decreases in Glx in the FWM and the BG, and in NAA in the BG. Widespread progressive changes in the brain, including neuronal injury, occur in chronically HIV-infected persons despite stable antiretroviral treatment and virologic suppression and can lead to neurocognitive declines. The basis for these findings is poorly understood and warrants further study. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 3 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 3 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 67% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 96 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 1% |
| Netherlands | 1 | 1% |
| Unknown | 94 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 14 | 15% |
| Researcher | 13 | 14% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 12 | 13% |
| Student > Master | 11 | 11% |
| Professor | 9 | 9% |
| Other | 18 | 19% |
| Unknown | 19 | 20% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 22 | 23% |
| Neuroscience | 10 | 10% |
| Psychology | 8 | 8% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 7 | 7% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 5 | 5% |
| Other | 20 | 21% |
| Unknown | 24 | 25% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 22 May 2013.
All research outputs
#13,687,464
of 22,708,120 outputs
Outputs from Journal of NeuroVirology
#448
of 925 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#105,665
of 194,081 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Journal of NeuroVirology
#3
of 4 outputs
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