| Title |
Analysis of environmental microplastics by vibrational microspectroscopy: FTIR, Raman or both?
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry, October 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00216-016-9956-3 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Andrea Käppler, Dieter Fischer, Sonja Oberbeckmann, Gerald Schernewski, Matthias Labrenz, Klaus-Jochen Eichhorn, Brigitte Voit |
| Abstract |
The contamination of aquatic ecosystems with microplastics has recently been reported through many studies, and negative impacts on the aquatic biota have been described. For the chemical identification of microplastics, mainly Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy are used. But up to now, a critical comparison and validation of both spectroscopic methods with respect to microplastics analysis is missing. To close this knowledge gap, we investigated environmental samples by both Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. Firstly, particles and fibres >500 μm extracted from beach sediment samples were analysed by Raman and FTIR microspectroscopic single measurements. Our results illustrate that both methods are in principle suitable to identify microplastics from the environment. However, in some cases, especially for coloured particles, a combination of both spectroscopic methods is necessary for a complete and reliable characterisation of the chemical composition. Secondly, a marine sample containing particles <400 μm was investigated by Raman imaging and FTIR transmission imaging. The results were compared regarding number, size and type of detectable microplastics as well as spectra quality, measurement time and handling. We show that FTIR imaging leads to significant underestimation (about 35 %) of microplastics compared to Raman imaging, especially in the size range <20 μm. However, the measurement time of Raman imaging is considerably higher compared to FTIR imaging. In summary, we propose a further size division within the smaller microplastics fraction into 500-50 μm (rapid and reliable analysis by FTIR imaging) and into 50-1 μm (detailed and more time-consuming analysis by Raman imaging). Graphical Abstract Marine microplastic sample (fraction <400 μm) on a silicon filter (middle) with the corresponding Raman and IR images. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 3 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Australia | 1 | 33% |
| Germany | 1 | 33% |
| Unknown | 1 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 67% |
| Scientists | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 1,099 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 1098 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 153 | 14% |
| Student > Bachelor | 139 | 13% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 137 | 12% |
| Researcher | 114 | 10% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 55 | 5% |
| Other | 137 | 12% |
| Unknown | 364 | 33% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Science | 221 | 20% |
| Chemistry | 132 | 12% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 75 | 7% |
| Engineering | 71 | 6% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 28 | 3% |
| Other | 145 | 13% |
| Unknown | 427 | 39% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 42. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 23 January 2024.
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#1,002,644
of 26,017,215 outputs
Outputs from Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry
#38
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Outputs of similar age
#18,368
of 332,721 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry
#1
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Altmetric has tracked 26,017,215 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 96th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 9,818 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 3.2. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 194 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its contemporaries.