Title |
Hydrogen Peroxide on the Surface of Europa
|
---|---|
Published in |
Science, March 1999
|
DOI | 10.1126/science.283.5410.2062 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
R. W. Carlson, M. S. Anderson, R. E. Johnson, W. D. Smythe, A. R. Hendrix, C. A. Barth, L. A. Soderblom, G. B. Hansen, T. B. McCord, J. B. Dalton, R. N. Clark, J. H. Shirley, A. C. Ocampo, D. L. Matson |
Abstract |
Spatially resolved infrared and ultraviolet wavelength spectra of Europa's leading, anti-jovian quadrant observed from the Galileo spacecraft show absorption features resulting from hydrogen peroxide. Comparisons with laboratory measurements indicate surface hydrogen peroxide concentrations of about 0.13 percent, by number, relative to water ice. The inferred abundance is consistent with radiolytic production of hydrogen peroxide by intense energetic particle bombardment and demonstrates that Europa's surface chemistry is dominated by radiolysis. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 2 | 2% |
Austria | 2 | 2% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 99 | 93% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 22 | 21% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 18 | 17% |
Student > Bachelor | 16 | 15% |
Student > Master | 11 | 10% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 5 | 5% |
Other | 15 | 14% |
Unknown | 19 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Physics and Astronomy | 25 | 24% |
Earth and Planetary Sciences | 22 | 21% |
Chemistry | 16 | 15% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 6 | 6% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 6% |
Other | 5 | 5% |
Unknown | 26 | 25% |