Title |
Organics and Other Molecules in the Surfaces of Callisto and Ganymede
|
---|---|
Published in |
Science, October 1997
|
DOI | 10.1126/science.278.5336.271 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
T. B. McCord, R. W. Carlson, W. D. Smythe, G. B. Hansen, R. N. Clark, C. A. Hibbitts, F. P. Fanale, J. C. Granahan, M. Segura, D. L. Matson, T. V. Johnson, P. D. Martin |
Abstract |
Five absorption features are reported at wavelengths of 3.4, 3.88, 4. 05, 4.25, and 4.57 micrometers in the surface materials of the Galilean satellites Callisto and Ganymede from analysis of reflectance spectra returned by the Galileo mission near-infrared mapping spectrometer. Candidate materials include CO2, organic materials (such as tholins containing C(triple bond)N and C-H), SO2, and compounds containing an SH-functional group; CO2, SO2, and perhaps cyanogen [(CN)2] may be present within the surface material itself as collections of a few molecules each. The spectra indicate that the primary surface constituents are water ice and hydrated minerals. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 1 | 3% |
Unknown | 39 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Researcher | 10 | 25% |
Student > Master | 8 | 20% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 7 | 18% |
Professor > Associate Professor | 4 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 3 | 8% |
Other | 3 | 8% |
Unknown | 5 | 13% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Physics and Astronomy | 13 | 33% |
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Chemistry | 4 | 10% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 5% |
Engineering | 2 | 5% |
Other | 3 | 8% |
Unknown | 7 | 18% |