Title |
Climate change frames debate over the extinction of megafauna in Sahul (Pleistocene Australia-New Guinea)
|
---|---|
Published in |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, May 2013
|
DOI | 10.1073/pnas.1302698110 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Stephen Wroe, Judith H. Field, Michael Archer, Donald K. Grayson, Gilbert J. Price, Julien Louys, J. Tyler Faith, Gregory E. Webb, Iain Davidson, Scott D. Mooney |
Abstract |
Around 88 large vertebrate taxa disappeared from Sahul sometime during the Pleistocene, with the majority of losses (54 taxa) clearly taking place within the last 400,000 years. The largest was the 2.8-ton browsing Diprotodon optatum, whereas the ∼100- to 130-kg marsupial lion, Thylacoleo carnifex, the world's most specialized mammalian carnivore, and Varanus priscus, the largest lizard known, were formidable predators. Explanations for these extinctions have centered on climatic change or human activities. Here, we review the evidence and arguments for both. Human involvement in the disappearance of some species remains possible but unproven. Mounting evidence points to the loss of most species before the peopling of Sahul (circa 50-45 ka) and a significant role for climate change in the disappearance of the continent's megafauna. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Australia | 11 | 21% |
United Kingdom | 6 | 12% |
United States | 3 | 6% |
Mexico | 2 | 4% |
Spain | 1 | 2% |
Norway | 1 | 2% |
Argentina | 1 | 2% |
Canada | 1 | 2% |
Colombia | 1 | 2% |
Other | 3 | 6% |
Unknown | 22 | 42% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 38 | 73% |
Scientists | 11 | 21% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 3 | 6% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Australia | 7 | 2% |
Brazil | 2 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 2 | <1% |
Italy | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
Japan | 1 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 270 | 94% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 69 | 24% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 52 | 18% |
Researcher | 30 | 10% |
Student > Master | 27 | 9% |
Professor | 19 | 7% |
Other | 49 | 17% |
Unknown | 40 | 14% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 83 | 29% |
Earth and Planetary Sciences | 45 | 16% |
Social Sciences | 27 | 9% |
Environmental Science | 27 | 9% |
Arts and Humanities | 21 | 7% |
Other | 28 | 10% |
Unknown | 55 | 19% |