Title |
Increased levels of the oxidative stress biomarker 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α in wastewater associated with tobacco use
|
---|---|
Published in |
Scientific Reports, December 2016
|
DOI | 10.1038/srep39055 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Yeonsuk Ryu, Emma Gracia-Lor, Richard Bade, J. A. Baz-Lomba, Jørgen G. Bramness, Sara Castiglioni, Erika Castrignanò, Ana Causanilles, Adrian Covaci, Pim de Voogt, Felix Hernandez, Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern, Juliet Kinyua, Ann-Kathrin McCall, Christoph Ort, Benedek G. Plósz, Pedram Ramin, Nikolaos I. Rousis, Malcolm J. Reid, Kevin V. Thomas |
Abstract |
Wastewater analysis has been demonstrated to be a complementary approach for assessing the overall patterns of drug use by a population while the full potential of wastewater-based epidemiology has yet to be explored. F2-isoprostanes are a prototype wastewater biomarker to study the cumulative oxidative stress at a community level. In this work, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) was analysed in raw 24 h-composite wastewater samples collected from 4 Norwegian and 7 other European cities in 2014 and 2015. Using the same samples, biomarkers of alcohol (ethyl sulfate) and tobacco (trans-3'-hydroxycotinine) use were also analysed to investigate any possible correlation between 8-iso-PGF2α and the consumption of the two drugs. The estimated per capita daily loads of 8-iso-PGF2α in the 11 cities ranged between 2.5 and 9.9 mg/day/1000 inhabitants with a population-weighted mean of 4.8 mg/day/1000 inhabitants. There were no temporal trends observed in the levels of 8-iso-PGF2α, however, spatial differences were found at the inter-city level correlating to the degree of urbanisation. The 8-iso-PGF2α mass load was found to be strongly associated with that of trans-3'-hydroxycotinine while it showed no correlation with ethyl sulfate. The present study shows the potential for 8-iso-PGF2α as a wastewater biomarker for the assessment of community public health. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Poland | 1 | 25% |
Unknown | 3 | 75% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 4 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Spain | 1 | 1% |
Switzerland | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 76 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 17 | 22% |
Researcher | 10 | 13% |
Student > Master | 10 | 13% |
Other | 6 | 8% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 3 | 4% |
Other | 11 | 14% |
Unknown | 21 | 27% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Environmental Science | 11 | 14% |
Chemistry | 8 | 10% |
Engineering | 6 | 8% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 5 | 6% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 3 | 4% |
Other | 11 | 14% |
Unknown | 34 | 44% |