| Title |
Holocaust exposure and subsequent suicide risk: a population-based study
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, December 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00127-016-1323-3 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Cendrine Bursztein Lipsicas, Itzhak Levav, Stephen Z. Levine |
| Abstract |
To examine the association between the extent of genocide exposure and subsequent suicide risk among Holocaust survivors. Persons born in Holocaust-exposed European countries during the years 1922-1945 that immigrated to Israel by 1965 were identified in the Population Registry (N = 209,429), and followed up for suicide (1950-2014). They were divided into three groups based on likely exposure to Nazi persecution: those who immigrated before (indirect; n = 20,229; 10%), during (partial direct; n = 17,189; 8%), and after (full direct; n = 172,061; 82%) World War II. Groups were contrasted for suicide risk, accounting for the extent of genocide in their respective countries of origin, high (>70%) or lower levels (<50%). Cox model survival analyses were computed examining calendar year at suicide. Sensitivity analyses were recomputed for two additional suicide-associated variables (age and years since immigration) for each exposure group. All analyses were adjusted for confounders. Survival analysis showed that compared to the indirect exposure group, the partial direct exposure group from countries with high genocide level had a statistically significant (P < .05) increased suicide risk for the main outcome (calendar year: HR 1.78, 95% CI 1.09, 2.90). This effect significantly (P < .05) replicated in two sensitivity analyses for countries with higher relative levels of genocide (age: HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.09, 2.89; years since immigration: HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.14, 3.02). The full direct exposure group was not at significant suicide risk compared to the indirect exposure group. Suicide associations for groups from countries with relative lower level of genocide were not statistically significant. This study partly converges with findings identifying Holocaust survivors (full direct exposure) as a resilient group. A tentative mechanism for higher vulnerability to suicide risk of the partial direct exposure group from countries with higher genocide exposure includes protracted guilt feelings, having directly witnessed atrocities and escaped death. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 3 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Germany | 1 | 33% |
| Unknown | 2 | 67% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Scientists | 1 | 33% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 33% |
| Members of the public | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 43 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 43 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 7 | 16% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 7 | 16% |
| Student > Bachelor | 4 | 9% |
| Other | 3 | 7% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 3 | 7% |
| Other | 7 | 16% |
| Unknown | 12 | 28% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Psychology | 12 | 28% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 8 | 19% |
| Social Sciences | 4 | 9% |
| Computer Science | 2 | 5% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 2 | 5% |
| Other | 3 | 7% |
| Unknown | 12 | 28% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 31 January 2019.
All research outputs
#14,810,903
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Outputs from Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
#1,898
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Outputs of similar age
#233,036
of 425,310 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
#22
of 27 outputs
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