| Title |
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in waters: occurrence, toxicity, and risk
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Environmental Chemistry Letters, August 2015
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s10311-015-0524-4 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Leslie Cizmas, Virender K. Sharma, Cole M. Gray, Thomas J. McDonald |
| Abstract |
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCP) are compounds with special physical and chemical properties that address the care of animal and human health. PPCP have been detected in surface water and wastewater in the ng/L to µg/L concentration range worldwide. PPCP ecotoxicity has been studied in a variety of organisms, and multiple methods have been used to assess the risk of PPCP in the environment to ecological health. Here we review the occurrence, effects, and risk assessment of PPCP in aquatic systems, as well as the sustainability of current methods for managing PPCP contamination in aquatic systems. The major points are the following: (1) a number of PPCP present potential concerns at environmentally relevant concentrations. PPCP mixtures may produce synergistic toxicity. (2) Various methods have been used for the ecological risk assessment of PPCP in aquatic systems. There are similarities in these methods, but no consensus has emerged regarding best practices for the ecological risk assessment of these compounds. (3) Human health risk assessments of PPCP contamination in aquatic systems have generally indicated little cause for concern. However, there is a lack of information regarding whether antibiotic contamination in wastewater and aquatic systems could lead to an increase in clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant genes. (4) Over the next century, the combination of increasing global population size and potential droughts may result in reduced water availability, increased need for water reuse, and increasing concentrations of PPCP in wastewaters. The current wastewater treatment methods do not remove all PPCP effectively. This, coupled with the possibility that antibiotics may promote the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic-resistant genes, leads to concerns about the sustainability of global water supplies. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 4 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 1 | 25% |
| Finland | 1 | 25% |
| France | 1 | 25% |
| Unknown | 1 | 25% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 50% |
| Scientists | 2 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 500 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Malaysia | 2 | <1% |
| Spain | 1 | <1% |
| United States | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 496 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 82 | 16% |
| Student > Master | 65 | 13% |
| Student > Bachelor | 50 | 10% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 39 | 8% |
| Researcher | 35 | 7% |
| Other | 83 | 17% |
| Unknown | 146 | 29% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Science | 96 | 19% |
| Chemistry | 52 | 10% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 40 | 8% |
| Engineering | 38 | 8% |
| Chemical Engineering | 21 | 4% |
| Other | 73 | 15% |
| Unknown | 180 | 36% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 13. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 29 April 2017.
All research outputs
#2,458,572
of 22,931,367 outputs
Outputs from Environmental Chemistry Letters
#48
of 436 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#34,408
of 267,783 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Environmental Chemistry Letters
#2
of 17 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,931,367 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done well and is in the 89th percentile: it's in the top 25% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 436 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 10.1. This one has done well, scoring higher than 88% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 267,783 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done well, scoring higher than 87% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 17 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 88% of its contemporaries.