Title |
Adrenal Responses to Stress
|
---|---|
Published in |
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, November 2010
|
DOI | 10.1007/s10571-010-9606-9 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
David S. Goldstein |
Abstract |
Based on concepts proposed by Langley, Cannon, and Selye, adrenal responses to stress occur in a syndrome that reflects activation of the sympathoadrenal system and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical (HPA) axis; and a "stress syndrome" maintains homeostasis in emergencies such as "fight or flight" situations, but if the stress response is excessive or prolonged then any of a variety of clinical disorders can arise. The idea of a unitary sympathoadrenal system does not account for evidence that different stressors elicit different patterns of autonomic responses, with exposure to some stressors differentially affecting sympathetic noradrenergic and adrenomedullary hormonal activities. Instead, adrenomedullary responses to stressors are more closely tied to adrenocortical than to sympathetic noradrenergic responses. Distress involves concurrent activation of the HPA and adrenomedullary neuroendocrine systems. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Spain | 7 | 54% |
Ireland | 1 | 8% |
United States | 1 | 8% |
Unknown | 4 | 31% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 12 | 92% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 8% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 3 | <1% |
Germany | 2 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Sweden | 1 | <1% |
Argentina | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
Russia | 1 | <1% |
Croatia | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 448 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 93 | 20% |
Student > Master | 77 | 17% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 61 | 13% |
Researcher | 34 | 7% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 21 | 5% |
Other | 66 | 14% |
Unknown | 107 | 23% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 60 | 13% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 53 | 12% |
Psychology | 46 | 10% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 45 | 10% |
Neuroscience | 26 | 6% |
Other | 97 | 21% |
Unknown | 132 | 29% |