| Title |
A novel three-dimensional heterotypic spheroid model for the assessment of the activity of cancer immunotherapy agents
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy, November 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00262-016-1927-1 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Sylvia Herter, Laura Morra, Ramona Schlenker, Jitka Sulcova, Linda Fahrni, Inja Waldhauer, Steffi Lehmann, Timo Reisländer, Irina Agarkova, Jens M. Kelm, Christian Klein, Pablo Umana, Marina Bacac |
| Abstract |
The complexity of the tumor microenvironment is difficult to mimic in vitro, particularly regarding tumor-host interactions. To enable better assessment of cancer immunotherapy agents in vitro, we developed a three-dimensional (3D) heterotypic spheroid model composed of tumor cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells. Drug targeting, efficient stimulation of immune cell infiltration, and specific elimination of tumor or fibroblast spheroid areas were demonstrated following treatment with a novel immunocytokine (interleukin-2 variant; IgG-IL2v) and tumor- or fibroblast-targeted T cell bispecific antibody (TCB). Following treatment with IgG-IL2v, activation of T cells, NK cells, and NKT cells was demonstrated by increased expression of the activation marker CD69 and enhanced cytokine secretion. The combination of TCBs with IgG-IL2v molecules was more effective than monotherapy, as shown by enhanced effects on immune cell infiltration; activation; increased cytokine secretion; and faster, more efficient elimination of targeted cells. This study demonstrates that the 3D heterotypic spheroid model provides a novel and versatile tool for in vitro evaluation of cancer immunotherapy agents and allows for assessment of additional aspects of the activity of cancer immunotherapy agents, including analysis of immune cell infiltration and drug targeting. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profile of 1 X user who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 290 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Switzerland | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 289 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 79 | 27% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 54 | 19% |
| Student > Master | 24 | 8% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 22 | 8% |
| Student > Bachelor | 17 | 6% |
| Other | 33 | 11% |
| Unknown | 61 | 21% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 59 | 20% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 35 | 12% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 29 | 10% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 23 | 8% |
| Engineering | 20 | 7% |
| Other | 49 | 17% |
| Unknown | 75 | 26% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 4. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 08 December 2020.
All research outputs
#7,002,093
of 22,940,083 outputs
Outputs from Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
#952
of 2,894 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#127,730
of 417,991 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
#7
of 34 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,940,083 research outputs across all sources so far. This one has received more attention than most of these and is in the 68th percentile.
So far Altmetric has tracked 2,894 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 5.2. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 65% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 417,991 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 68% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 34 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 76% of its contemporaries.