Title |
Knitting and weaving artificial muscles
|
---|---|
Published in |
Science Advances, January 2017
|
DOI | 10.1126/sciadv.1600327 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Ali Maziz, Alessandro Concas, Alexandre Khaldi, Jonas Stålhand, Nils-Krister Persson, Edwin W. H. Jager |
Abstract |
A need exists for artificial muscles that are silent, soft, and compliant, with performance characteristics similar to those of skeletal muscle, enabling natural interaction of assistive devices with humans. By combining one of humankind's oldest technologies, textile processing, with electroactive polymers, we demonstrate here the feasibility of wearable, soft artificial muscles made by weaving and knitting, with tunable force and strain. These textile actuators were produced from cellulose yarns assembled into fabrics and coated with conducting polymers using a metal-free deposition. To increase the output force, we assembled yarns in parallel by weaving. The force scaled linearly with the number of yarns in the woven fabric. To amplify the strain, we knitted a stretchable fabric, exhibiting a 53-fold increase in strain. In addition, the textile construction added mechanical stability to the actuators. Textile processing permits scalable and rational production of wearable artificial muscles, and enables novel ways to design assistive devices. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 18 | 38% |
Australia | 2 | 4% |
Japan | 2 | 4% |
Canada | 2 | 4% |
Brazil | 1 | 2% |
France | 1 | 2% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 2% |
Spain | 1 | 2% |
Germany | 1 | 2% |
Other | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 18 | 38% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 33 | 69% |
Scientists | 7 | 15% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 5 | 10% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | 6% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Germany | 2 | <1% |
United States | 2 | <1% |
Turkey | 1 | <1% |
Latvia | 1 | <1% |
France | 1 | <1% |
Japan | 1 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 415 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 94 | 22% |
Researcher | 58 | 14% |
Student > Master | 58 | 14% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 31 | 7% |
Student > Bachelor | 29 | 7% |
Other | 54 | 13% |
Unknown | 100 | 24% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Engineering | 145 | 34% |
Materials Science | 56 | 13% |
Chemistry | 22 | 5% |
Design | 15 | 4% |
Chemical Engineering | 13 | 3% |
Other | 58 | 14% |
Unknown | 115 | 27% |