| Title |
Effects of social adversity and HIV on subcortical shape and neurocognitive function
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Brain Imaging and Behavior, January 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s11682-017-9676-0 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
April D. Thames, Taylor P. Kuhn, Zanjbeel Mahmood, Robert M. Bilder, Timothy J. Williamson, Elyse J. Singer, Alyssa Arentoft |
| Abstract |
The purpose of the current study was to examine the independent and interactive effects of social adversity (SA) and HIV infection on subcortical shape alterations and cognitive functions. Participants included HIV+ (n = 70) and HIV- (n = 23) individuals who underwent MRI, neurocognitive and clinical assessment, in addition to completing questionnaires from which responses were used to create an SA score. Bilateral amygdalae and hippocampi were extracted from T1-weighted images. Parametric statistical analyses were used to compare the radial distance of the structure surface to a median curve to determine the presence of localized shape differences as a function of HIV, SA and their interaction. Next, multiple regression was used to examine the interactive association between HIV and SA with cognitive performance data. An HIV*SA interactive effect was found on the shape of the right amygdala and left hippocampus. Specifically, HIV-infected participants (but not HIV-uninfected controls) who evidenced higher levels of SA displayed an inward deformation of the surface consistent with reduced volume of these structures. We found interactive effects of HIV and SA on learning/memory performance. These results suggest that HIV+ individuals may be more vulnerable to neurological and cognitive changes in the hippocampus and amygdala as a function of SA than HIV- individuals, and that SA indicators of childhood SES and perceived racial discrimination are important components of adversity that are associated with cognitive performance. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 3 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 33% |
| Unknown | 2 | 67% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 3 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 73 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 1% |
| Unknown | 72 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 15 | 21% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 9 | 12% |
| Researcher | 6 | 8% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 3 | 4% |
| Professor | 3 | 4% |
| Other | 11 | 15% |
| Unknown | 26 | 36% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Psychology | 18 | 25% |
| Neuroscience | 8 | 11% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 6 | 8% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 4 | 5% |
| Social Sciences | 3 | 4% |
| Other | 4 | 5% |
| Unknown | 30 | 41% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 20 December 2017.
All research outputs
#14,328,118
of 22,950,943 outputs
Outputs from Brain Imaging and Behavior
#558
of 1,155 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#229,014
of 419,163 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Brain Imaging and Behavior
#10
of 27 outputs
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