Title |
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and Autism Spectrum Disorders
|
---|---|
Published in |
Pediatrics, August 2008
|
DOI | 10.1542/peds.2007-3604 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Elena L. Grigorenko, Summer S. Han, Carolyn M. Yrigollen, Lin Leng, Yuka Mizue, George M. Anderson, Erik J. Mulder, Annelies de Bildt, Ruud B. Minderaa, Fred R. Volkmar, Joseph T. Chang, Richard Bucala |
Abstract |
Autistic spectrum disorders are childhood neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social and communicative impairment and repetitive and stereotypical behavior. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an upstream regulator of innate immunity that promotes monocyte/macrophage-activation responses by increasing the expression of Toll-like receptors and inhibiting activation-induced apoptosis. On the basis of results of previous genetic linkage studies and reported altered innate immune response in autism spectrum disorder, we hypothesized that MIF could represent a candidate gene for autism spectrum disorder or its diagnostic components. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 2 | 2% |
Japan | 1 | 1% |
Germany | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 81 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 17 | 20% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 10 | 12% |
Student > Master | 9 | 11% |
Student > Bachelor | 9 | 11% |
Other | 6 | 7% |
Other | 22 | 26% |
Unknown | 12 | 14% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 19 | 22% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 14 | 16% |
Psychology | 9 | 11% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 8 | 9% |
Neuroscience | 6 | 7% |
Other | 11 | 13% |
Unknown | 18 | 21% |