| Title |
Can nutrients mask community responses to insecticide mixtures?
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Ecotoxicology, July 2013
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s10646-013-1096-3 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Alexa C. Alexander, Ana T. Luis, Joseph M. Culp, Donald J. Baird, Allan J. Cessna |
| Abstract |
The ecological effect of simultaneous exposure to two nutrient gradients, three insecticides and different predator intensities was investigated over a 3-week period in 80 outdoor, artificial streams using field-collected benthic invertebrates. The experimental design consisted of a 2 × 5 factorial structure with two nutrient levels (oligotrophic or mesotrophic) and five concentrations of the ternary insecticide mixture consisting of the insecticides (chlorpyrifos, dimethoate and imidacloprid). Equivalent toxic unit doses were summed to create a ternary insecticide dose (e.g., 0.1 + 0.1 + 0.1 = 0.3 TU) resulting in a range of ternary insecticide mixture toxicity (i.e., control groundwater, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 TU). Two genera of insect predators, Gomphus spp. (Odonata) and Agnetina spp. (Plecoptera) were also added into each replicate stream, at densities and sizes comparable to those found at our collection site, to evaluate how the contribution of predators may change in nutrient limited (oligotrophic) versus amended (mesotrophic) systems. We describe a causal mechanism whereby the combined action of nutrients and insecticides reshaped aquatic community structure by interacting through multiple pathways. Specifically, mesotrophic conditions reduced the toxic effects of ternary insecticide mixtures for aquatic insects which, in some cases, appeared to increase abundance of aquatic insects. However, higher levels of insecticides in mesotrophic streams negated this effect and were even more toxic; for example, to aquatic insect grazers than the same insecticide doses in oligotrophic treatment levels. Effects of predators were only significant in oligotrophic streams. Evidence is provided as to how nutrient and contaminant interactions can greatly complicate the assessment of community level responses to insecticide mixtures due to direct and indirect effects of the resulting changes in the density of different genera and functional feeding groups within a community. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 3 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Canada | 1 | 33% |
| Netherlands | 1 | 33% |
| Unknown | 1 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 3 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 85 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 2 | 2% |
| Portugal | 1 | 1% |
| Australia | 1 | 1% |
| France | 1 | 1% |
| Spain | 1 | 1% |
| Canada | 1 | 1% |
| Unknown | 78 | 92% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 22 | 26% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 15 | 18% |
| Student > Master | 13 | 15% |
| Student > Bachelor | 7 | 8% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 4 | 5% |
| Other | 8 | 9% |
| Unknown | 16 | 19% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Science | 30 | 35% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 22 | 26% |
| Earth and Planetary Sciences | 3 | 4% |
| Business, Management and Accounting | 1 | 1% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 1 | 1% |
| Other | 2 | 2% |
| Unknown | 26 | 31% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 12 July 2013.
All research outputs
#13,891,799
of 22,714,025 outputs
Outputs from Ecotoxicology
#499
of 1,469 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#106,917
of 194,293 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Ecotoxicology
#2
of 7 outputs
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