| Title |
Thymol and carvacrol induce autolysis, stress, growth inhibition and reduce the biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
AMB Express, February 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1186/s13568-017-0344-y |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Shams Tabrez Khan, Merajuddin Khan, Javed Ahmad, Rizwan Wahab, Omar H. Abd-Elkader, Javed Musarrat, Hamad Z. Alkhathlan, Abdulaziz A. Al-Kedhairy |
| Abstract |
Organic compounds from plants are an attractive alternative to conventional antimicrobial agents. Therefore, two compounds namely M-1 and M-2 were purified from Origanum vulgare L. and were identified as carvacrol and thymol, respectively. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of these compounds along with chlorhexidine digluconate using various assays was determined against dental caries causing bacteria Streptococcus mutans. The IC50 values of carvacrol (M-1) and thymol (M-2) against S. mutans were 65 and 54 µg/ml, respectively. Live and dead staining and the MTT assays reveal that a concentration of 100 µg/ml of these compounds reduced the viability and the metabolic activity of S. mutans by more than 50%. Biofilm formation on the surface of polystyrene plates was significantly reduced by M-1 and M-2 at 100 µg/ml as observed under scanning electron microscope and by colorimetric assay. These results were in agreement with RT-PCR studies. Wherein exposure to 25 µg/ml of M-1 and M-2 showed a 2.2 and 2.4-fold increase in Autolysin gene (AtlE) expression level, respectively. While an increase of 1.3 and 1.4 fold was observed in the super oxide dismutase gene (sodA) activity with the same concentrations of M-1 and M-2, respectively. An increase in the ymcA gene and a decrease in the gtfB gene expression levels was observed following the treatment with M-1 and M-2. These results strongly suggest that carvacrol and thymol isolated from O. vulgare L. exhibit good bactericidal and antibiofilm activity against S. mutans and can be used as a green alternative to control dental caries. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profile of 1 X user who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 98 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 98 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 15 | 15% |
| Researcher | 11 | 11% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 9 | 9% |
| Student > Bachelor | 9 | 9% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 7 | 7% |
| Other | 20 | 20% |
| Unknown | 27 | 28% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 17 | 17% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 15 | 15% |
| Chemistry | 8 | 8% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 5 | 5% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 4 | 4% |
| Other | 15 | 15% |
| Unknown | 34 | 35% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 24 February 2017.
All research outputs
#15,447,117
of 22,955,959 outputs
Outputs from AMB Express
#445
of 1,237 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#197,739
of 311,210 outputs
Outputs of similar age from AMB Express
#21
of 55 outputs
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