| Title |
The Immune System, Cytokines, and Biomarkers in Autism Spectrum Disorder
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Neuroscience Bulletin, February 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s12264-017-0103-8 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Anne Masi, Nicholas Glozier, Russell Dale, Adam J. Guastella |
| Abstract |
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a pervasive neurodevelopmental condition characterized by variable impairments in communication and social interaction as well as restricted interests and repetitive behaviors. Heterogeneity of presentation is a hallmark. Investigations of immune system problems in ASD, including aberrations in cytokine profiles and signaling, have been increasing in recent times and are the subject of ongoing interest. With the aim of establishing whether cytokines have utility as potential biomarkers that may define a subgroup of ASD, or function as an objective measure of response to treatment, this review summarizes the role of the immune system, discusses the relationship between the immune system, the brain, and behavior, and presents previously-identified immune system abnormalities in ASD, specifically addressing the role of cytokines in these aberrations. The roles and identification of biomarkers are also addressed, particularly with respect to cytokine profiles in ASD. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 20 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 6 | 30% |
| Netherlands | 1 | 5% |
| United Kingdom | 1 | 5% |
| Canada | 1 | 5% |
| Unknown | 11 | 55% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 18 | 90% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 5% |
| Scientists | 1 | 5% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 267 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 267 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 41 | 15% |
| Student > Bachelor | 37 | 14% |
| Researcher | 30 | 11% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 29 | 11% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 15 | 6% |
| Other | 40 | 15% |
| Unknown | 75 | 28% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Neuroscience | 41 | 15% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 30 | 11% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 26 | 10% |
| Psychology | 20 | 7% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 13 | 5% |
| Other | 54 | 20% |
| Unknown | 83 | 31% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 13. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 01 January 2024.
All research outputs
#2,679,045
of 25,337,969 outputs
Outputs from Neuroscience Bulletin
#49
of 912 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#48,226
of 318,439 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Neuroscience Bulletin
#3
of 20 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,337,969 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done well and is in the 89th percentile: it's in the top 25% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 912 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 4.1. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 94% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 20 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 90% of its contemporaries.