Title |
Why Do Children Differ in Their Development of Reading and Related Skills?
|
---|---|
Published in |
Scientific Studies of Reading, August 2013
|
DOI | 10.1080/10888438.2013.800521 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Richard K. Olson, Janice M. Keenan, Brian Byrne, Stefan Samuelsson |
Abstract |
Modern behavior-genetic studies of twins in the U.S., Australia, Scandinavia, and the U.K. show that genes account for most of the variance in children's reading ability by the end of the first year of formal reading instruction. Strong genetic influence continues across the grades, though the relevant genes vary for reading words and comprehending text, and some of the genetic influence comes through a gene - environment correlation. Strong genetic influences do not diminish the importance of the environment for reading development in the population and for helping struggling readers, but they question setting the same minimal performance criterion for all children. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 4 | 20% |
Belgium | 1 | 5% |
Norway | 1 | 5% |
United States | 1 | 5% |
Netherlands | 1 | 5% |
Spain | 1 | 5% |
Unknown | 11 | 55% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 15 | 75% |
Scientists | 5 | 25% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 4 | 2% |
United Kingdom | 3 | 2% |
Netherlands | 2 | 1% |
Malaysia | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Spain | 1 | <1% |
Denmark | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 176 | 93% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 33 | 17% |
Researcher | 23 | 12% |
Student > Master | 21 | 11% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 21 | 11% |
Lecturer | 11 | 6% |
Other | 43 | 23% |
Unknown | 37 | 20% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Psychology | 72 | 38% |
Social Sciences | 29 | 15% |
Linguistics | 16 | 8% |
Neuroscience | 8 | 4% |
Arts and Humanities | 5 | 3% |
Other | 16 | 8% |
Unknown | 43 | 23% |