| Title |
How Biomechanical Improvements in Running Economy Could Break the 2-hour Marathon Barrier
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Sports Medicine, March 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s40279-017-0708-0 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Wouter Hoogkamer, Rodger Kram, Christopher J. Arellano |
| Abstract |
A sub-2-hour marathon requires an average velocity (5.86 m/s) that is 2.5% faster than the current world record of 02:02:57 (5.72 m/s) and could be accomplished with a 2.7% reduction in the metabolic cost of running. Although supporting body weight comprises the majority of the metabolic cost of running, targeting the costs of forward propulsion and leg swing are the most promising strategies for reducing the metabolic cost of running and thus improving marathon running performance. Here, we calculate how much time could be saved by taking advantage of unconventional drafting strategies, a consistent tailwind, a downhill course, and specific running shoe design features while staying within the current International Association of Athletic Federations regulations for record purposes. Specifically, running in shoes that are 100 g lighter along with second-half scenarios of four runners alternately leading and drafting, or a tailwind of 6.0 m/s, combined with a 42-m elevation drop could result in a time well below the 2-hour marathon barrier. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 173 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 27 | 16% |
| United Kingdom | 24 | 14% |
| Spain | 13 | 8% |
| Canada | 10 | 6% |
| Australia | 5 | 3% |
| Ireland | 5 | 3% |
| Finland | 3 | 2% |
| Brazil | 2 | 1% |
| Netherlands | 2 | 1% |
| Other | 16 | 9% |
| Unknown | 66 | 38% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 89 | 51% |
| Scientists | 64 | 37% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 18 | 10% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 1% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 333 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 332 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 58 | 17% |
| Student > Bachelor | 56 | 17% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 39 | 12% |
| Researcher | 27 | 8% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 18 | 5% |
| Other | 60 | 18% |
| Unknown | 75 | 23% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Sports and Recreations | 141 | 42% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 27 | 8% |
| Engineering | 20 | 6% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 18 | 5% |
| Neuroscience | 6 | 2% |
| Other | 24 | 7% |
| Unknown | 97 | 29% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 421. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 06 January 2023.
All research outputs
#69,498
of 25,591,967 outputs
Outputs from Sports Medicine
#55
of 2,889 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#1,699
of 324,213 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Sports Medicine
#4
of 51 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,591,967 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 99th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 2,889 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 57.1. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 98% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 324,213 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 99% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 51 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 94% of its contemporaries.