Title |
The deltoid, a forgotten muscle of the shoulder
|
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Published in |
Skeletal Radiology, June 2013
|
DOI | 10.1007/s00256-013-1667-7 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Thomas Moser, Junie Lecours, Johan Michaud, Nathalie J. Bureau, Raphaël Guillin, Étienne Cardinal |
Abstract |
The deltoid is a fascinating muscle with a significant role in shoulder function. It is comprised of three distinct portions (anterior or clavicular, middle or acromial, and posterior or spinal) and acts mainly as an abductor of the shoulder and stabilizer of the humeral head. Deltoid tears are not infrequently associated with large or massive rotator cuff tears and may further jeopardize shoulder function. A variety of other pathologies may affect the deltoid muscle including enthesitis, calcific tendinitis, myositis, infection, tumors, and chronic avulsion injury. Contracture of the deltoid following repeated intramuscular injections could present with progressive abduction deformity and winging of the scapula. The deltoid muscle and its innervating axillary nerve may be injured during shoulder surgery, which may have disastrous functional consequences. Axillary neuropathies leading to deltoid muscle dysfunction include traumatic injuries, quadrilateral space and Parsonage-Turner syndromes, and cause denervation of the deltoid muscle. Finally, abnormalities of the deltoid may originate from nearby pathologies of subdeltoid bursa, acromion, and distal clavicle. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 3 | 18% |
Spain | 3 | 18% |
Canada | 1 | 6% |
Australia | 1 | 6% |
Japan | 1 | 6% |
United States | 1 | 6% |
Uruguay | 1 | 6% |
Netherlands | 1 | 6% |
Mexico | 1 | 6% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 4 | 24% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 13 | 76% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | 18% |
Scientists | 1 | 6% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 2 | 1% |
Egypt | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 144 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 21 | 14% |
Researcher | 18 | 12% |
Other | 14 | 10% |
Student > Master | 14 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 9 | 6% |
Other | 28 | 19% |
Unknown | 43 | 29% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 59 | 40% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 10 | 7% |
Engineering | 6 | 4% |
Sports and Recreations | 5 | 3% |
Social Sciences | 4 | 3% |
Other | 10 | 7% |
Unknown | 53 | 36% |