Title |
West Nile Virus in American White Pelican Chicks: Transmission, Immunity, and Survival
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Published in |
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, March 2013
|
DOI | 10.4269/ajtmh.12-0408 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Marsha A. Sovada, Pamela J. Pietz, Erik K. Hofmeister, Alisa J. Bartos |
Abstract |
West Nile virus (WNV) causes significant mortality of American White Pelican chicks at northern plains colonies. We tested oropharyngeal/cloacal swabs from moribund chicks for shed WNV. Such shedding could enable chick-to-chick transmission and help explain why WNV spreads rapidly in colonies. WNV was detected on swabs from 11% of chicks in 2006 and 52% of chicks in 2007; however, viral titers were low. Before onset of WNV mortality, we tested blood from < 3-week-old chicks for antibodies to WNV; 5% of chicks were seropositive, suggesting passive transfer of maternal antibodies. Among near-fledged chicks, 41% tested positive for anti-WNV antibodies, indicating that they survived infection. Among years and colonies, cumulative incidence of WNV in chicks varied from 28% to 81%, whereas the proportion of chicks surviving WNV (i.e., seropositive) was 64-75%. Our data revealed that WNV kills chicks that likely would fledge in the absence of WNV, that infection of chicks is pervasive, and that significant numbers of chicks survive infection. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 23 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Researcher | 9 | 39% |
Student > Bachelor | 5 | 22% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 4 | 17% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 1 | 4% |
Other | 1 | 4% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 3 | 13% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 8 | 35% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 4 | 17% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 3 | 13% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 1 | 4% |
Environmental Science | 1 | 4% |
Other | 2 | 9% |
Unknown | 4 | 17% |