| Title |
Reduced cGMP levels in CSF of AD patients correlate with severity of dementia and current depression
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Alzheimer's Research & Therapy, March 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1186/s13195-017-0245-y |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Raphael Hesse, Ludwig Lausser, Pauline Gummert, Florian Schmid, Anke Wahler, Cathrin Schnack, Katja S. Kroker, Markus Otto, Hayrettin Tumani, Hans A. Kestler, Holger Rosenbrock, Christine A. F. von Arnim |
| Abstract |
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, primarily affecting memory. That disorder is thought to be a consequence of neuronal network disturbances and synapse loss. Decline in cognitive function is associated with a high burden of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) such as depression. The cyclic nucleotides cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) are essential second messengers that play a crucial role in memory processing as well as synaptic plasticity and are potential therapeutic targets. Biomarkers that are able to monitor potential treatment effects and that reflect the underlying pathology are of crucial interest. In this study, we measured cGMP and cAMP in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a cohort of 133 subjects including 68 AD patients and 65 control subjects. To address the association with disease progression we correlated cognitive status with cyclic nucleotide levels. Because a high burden of NPSs is associated with decrease in cognitive function, we performed an exhaustive evaluation of AD-relevant marker combinations in a depressive subgroup. We show that cGMP, but not cAMP, levels in the CSF of AD patients are significantly reduced compared with the control group. Reduced cGMP levels in AD patients correlate with memory impairment based on Mini-Mental State Examination score (r = 0.17, p = 0.048) and tau as a marker of neurodegeneration (r = -0.28, p = 0.001). Moreover, we were able to show that AD patients suffering from current depression show reduced cGMP levels (p = 0.07) and exhibit a higher degree of cognitive impairment than non-depressed AD patients. These results provide further evidence for an involvement of cGMP in AD pathogenesis and accompanying co-morbidities, and may contribute to elucidating synaptic plasticity alterations during disease progression. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 106 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 106 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 17 | 16% |
| Student > Bachelor | 15 | 14% |
| Student > Master | 11 | 10% |
| Researcher | 8 | 8% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 6 | 6% |
| Other | 14 | 13% |
| Unknown | 35 | 33% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Neuroscience | 16 | 15% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 11 | 10% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 9 | 8% |
| Psychology | 8 | 8% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 6 | 6% |
| Other | 20 | 19% |
| Unknown | 36 | 34% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 7. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 17 March 2017.
All research outputs
#4,599,559
of 23,577,761 outputs
Outputs from Alzheimer's Research & Therapy
#956
of 1,300 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#76,295
of 309,230 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Alzheimer's Research & Therapy
#18
of 24 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 23,577,761 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done well and is in the 80th percentile: it's in the top 25% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 1,300 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 26.8. This one is in the 19th percentile – i.e., 19% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 309,230 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 73% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 24 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 8th percentile – i.e., 8% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.