Validation of Comet assay in Oregon-R and Wild type strains of Drosophila melanogaster exposed to a natural radioactive environment in Brazilian semiarid region

Cícero Jorge Verçosa, Aroldo Vieira de Moraes Filho, Ícaro Fillipe de Araújo Castro, Robson Gomes dos Santos, Kenya Silva Cunha, Daniela de Melo e Silva, Ana Cristina Lauer Garcia, Julio Alejandro Navoni, Viviane Souza do Amaral, Claudia Rohde

Natural radiation of geological origin is a common phenomenon in Brazil, a country where radioactive agents such as uranium may be often found. As an unstable atom, uranium undergoes radioactive decay with the generation of a series of decay by-products, including radon, which may be highly genotoxic and trigger several pathological processes, among which cancer. Because it is a gas, radon may move freely between cracks and gaps in the ground, seeping upwards into the buildings and in the environment. In this study, two Drosophila melanogaster Meigen (Diptera, Drosophilidae) strains called Oregon-R and Wild (collected in a non-radioactive environment) were exposed to atmospheric radiation in the Lajes Pintadas city, in the semiarid zone of northeastern Brazil. After six days of environmental exposure, the organisms presented genetic damage significantly higher than that of the negative control group. The genotoxic effects observed reinforce the findings of other studies carried out in the same region, which warn about the environmental risks related to natural radioactivity occurrence. The results also validate the use of the Comet assay in hemocytes of D. melanogaster as a sensitive test to detect genotoxicity caused by natural radiation, and the use of a recently collected D. melanogaster strain in the environmental of radon.