| Title |
SMAD4 is Involved in the Development of Endotoxin Tolerance in Microglia
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, January 2016
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s10571-015-0260-0 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Xiaorong Liu, Yongwei Qin, Aihua Dai, Yu Zhang, Huaqing Xue, Haidan Ni, Lijian Han, Liang Zhu, Debin Yuan, Tao Tao, Maohong Cao |
| Abstract |
Initial exposure of macrophages to LPS induces hyporesponsiveness to a second challenge with LPS, a phenomenon termed LPS tolerance. Smad4 plays important roles in the induction of LPS tolerance. However, the function of Smad4 in microglia remains unknown. Here we show that expression of Smad4 was highly up-regulated in LPS-tolerized mouse cerebral cortex. Smad4 was mostly colocalized with microglia, rarely with neurons. Using a microglia cell line, BV2, we find that LPS activates endogenous Smad4, inducing its migration into the nucleus and increasing its expression. Smad4 significantly suppressed TLR-triggered production of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6), increased anti-inflammatory cytokine in LPS-tolerized microglia. Moreover, IL-6 concentrations in culture supernatants after second LPS challenge are higher in SMAD4 small interfering RNA (siRNA) BV2 cells than control siRNA BV2 cells, indicating failure to induce tolerance in absence of Smad4 signaling. In our study, we conclude that both in vivo and in vitro, Smad4 signaling is required for maximal induction of endotoxin tolerance. |
X Demographics
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Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 2 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Scientists | 1 | 50% |
| Members of the public | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 11 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 11 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 3 | 27% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 3 | 27% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 2 | 18% |
| Professor | 1 | 9% |
| Researcher | 1 | 9% |
| Other | 1 | 9% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 4 | 36% |
| Neuroscience | 3 | 27% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 2 | 18% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 1 | 9% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 1 | 9% |
| Other | 0 | 0% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 26 March 2017.
All research outputs
#18,698,308
of 23,854,458 outputs
Outputs from Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology
#711
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Outputs of similar age
#275,745
of 401,536 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology
#14
of 26 outputs
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